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Nur611 Exam 2 With 221 Questions And Proper Answers 2024/2025
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Nur611 Exam 2 With 221 Questions And ProperAnswers 2024/2025
1. warfarin: 3-5 days to work; given after anticoagulant/
2. What is sickle cell anemia?: RBCs become rigid, sticky, and sickle-shaped.
3. What is the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia?: RBCs get stuck in small blood
vessels, blocking blood flow and oxygen.
4. What are the signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia?: Anemia, pain, fever,
swelling, tenderness, HTN, organ damage, and infection.
5. What is a sickle cell crisis?: When sickled cells clog blood flow, causing sudden and
severe pain.
6. What can trigger a sickle cell crisis?: Cold and exercise.
7. What is the treatment for sickle cell anemia?: Pain management and complication
prevention.
8. What medications and interventions are used for sickle cell anemia?: IV fluids,
hydroxyurea, transfusions.
9. Why is 5% dextrose preferred for IV fluids in sickle cell anemia?: Decreased
ability to excrete sodium load in normal saline.
10. What is hydroxyurea?: A medication that makes sickle red blood cells less sticky.
11. What is the effect of hydroxyurea in sickle cell anemia?: Reduces painful
episodes and decreases complications.
12. What should be considered when using oxygen therapy in sickle cell anemia?:
May suppress the formation of new RBCs.
13. What is anemia?: Lower than normal hemoglobin and fewer than normal
circulating erythrocytes.
14. What can cause hemolytic anemia?: Altered erythropoiesis, drug-induced or
autoimmune processes, or mechanical heart valves.
15. What is SCD?: Inheritance of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) gene causing defective
hemoglobin molecules.
16. What is thalassemia?: Hereditary blood disorder with abnormal or inadequate
hemoglobin production.
17. What is glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?: Hereditary condition
where RBCs are destroyed when exposed to certain triggers.
18. What is autoimmune hemolytic anemia?: Body destroys RBCs faster than it
produces them.
19. What is the first line of treatment for sickle cell anemia?: Pain management and
complication prevention.
, 20. Is there a cure for sickle cell anemia?: No, but bone marrow and stem cell
transplants are potential options.
21. What is the purpose of transfusions in sickle cell anemia?: To replace sickled
RBCs with healthy ones.
22 What is hemochromatosis?: Genetic condition with excess iron deposition in organs.
23. What are the causes of hypoproliferative anemia?: Iron, vitamin B12, or folate
deficiency, decreased erythropoietin production, or cancer.
24. What is erythropoietin?: Hormone required for red blood cell production.
25. What can cause a deficiency in erythropoietin?: Iron, folic acid, or B12
deficiency.
26. What are the causes of iron deficiency anemia?: Inadequate intake,
malabsorption, or blood loss.
27. What are the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia?: Brittle nails, red
smooth tongue, angular cheilitis, SOB, fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness,
syncope, pallor, pale mucous membranes.
28. How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed?: Bone marrow aspiration and lab tests.
29. What are the treatment options for iron deficiency anemia?: Address underlying
cause, nutrition education, oral or IV iron supplementation.
30. How can vitamin C help with iron absorption?: It increases PO iron absorption.
31. What is aplastic anemia?: Damage to bone marrow stem cells resulting in
dysfunction of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
32. What are the causes of aplastic anemia?: Chemical exposure, chemotherapy,
radiation, or infections.
33. How is aplastic anemia treated?: Immunosuppressants, blood transfusion,
neupogen.
34. How is aplastic anemia diagnosed?: CBC revealing pancytopenia, bone marrow
aspiration.
35. What is megaloblastic anemia?: Anemia characterized by larger RBCs due to folic
acid or B12 deficiency.
36. What causes folic acid anemia?: Dietary deficiency, malabsorption, alcohol,
pregnancy, or hemodialysis.
37. How is folic acid anemia treated?: Water-soluble B-complex vitamin
supplementation.
38. What can turn urine dark yellow in folic acid anemia?: Supplementation with
folic acid.
39. What is pernicious anemia?: Anemia caused by B12 deficiency.
40. What is the role of B12 in pernicious anemia?: It is necessary for converting folic
acid to its active form.
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