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Advanced nursing 2 questions with actual answers.
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Advanced nursing 2 questions withactual answers.
Layers of the epidermis ANS - Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
Stratum corneum ANS - The thin, most outer layer of the epidermis
Stratum basale ANS - Cells originate from the inner most layer of the epidermis which is
known as what?
Dermis ANS - Layer of skin that provides tensile strength and protection for the underlying
muscles, bones, and organs.
Blood vessels, nerves, and fibroblasts ANS - The dermis contains what three things that are
the only distinctive cell type in the dermis and are responsible for collagen formation?
Wound or injury ANS - A disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body.
Acute ANS - Caused by trauma or a surgical incision
Chronic ANS - Caused by vascular compromise or chronic inflammation; it is a wound that
fails to proceed through an orderly and timely process to produce anatomical and functional
integrity.
Fibrin ANS - Protein secreted from the liver
Partial thickness wound repair ANS - These wounds are shallow and have loss of the
epidermis and possibly the dermis layers of the skin
(Scrape or abrasion)
Full thickness wound repair ANS - These wounds extend into the dermis and will heal by
scar formation due to deep structural damage
(Pressure ulcers)
Hemostasis ANS - The first phase in the healing process where injured blood vessels
constrict and platelets gather to stop bleeding. A fibrin matrix is then formed that later
provides the framework for cellular repair.
Inflammatory phase ANS - The second phase in the healing process when mast cells secrete
histamine initiating vasodilation of surrounding capillaries and movement of serum and
, white blood cells to damaged tissues. As a result, the patient may present with redness,
edema (swelling), warmth, and throbbing pain.
Proliferative phase ANS - Third phase of the healing process which begins and lasts from 3
to 24 days. Fibroblasts are present and synthesizes collagen; this provides the matrix for
granulation and provides strength and structural integrity to a wound.
Replacement tissue ANS - Collagen and granulation tissues are also known as what?
Maturation ANS - The final stage of the healing process where the collagen scar gains
strength and the scar tissue usually contains fewer melanocytes.
Pressure ulcers ANS - Patients with decreased mobility, decreased sensory perception, fecal
or urinary incontinence, and/or poor nutrition have an increased risk for development of
what?
Stage 1 ANS - Stage of a pressure ulcer that is classified as the skin being intact; however,
the area is red in appearance and doesn't blanch with fingertip pressure.
Stage 2 ANS - Stage of a pressure ulcer that is classified as partial-thickness skin loss
involving dermis; area presents with shallow, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed; it may
also present as a blister.
Stage 3 ANS - Stage of a pressure ulcer that is classified as a full-thickness tissue loss that
presents as a "deep red crater" and may extend to the fascia. Slough (yellowish buildup)
May be present as well as tunneling (May also be referred to as undermining or sinus
tracts).
Stage 4 ANS - Stage of a pressure ulcer that is classified as full thickness tissue loss with
extensive tissue necrosis (dead tissue) or damage to tendon, muscle, or bone.
Wound management ANS - Involves preventing the infection, preventing further injury to
the wound and nearby tissues, and preventing blood loss and pain.
Etiology ANS - The study of the disease of a wound or injury
Healing process ANS - After an injury occurs a series of events is initiated to:
- control blood loss
- establish bacteria control
- seal the defect
What is this known as?
Primary intention ANS - Wound management that is
-typically for clean surgical incisions with little tissue loss.
- wound edges are approximated (closed
-sutures, steri-strips or dermabond May be used.
-healing occurs quickly with minimal scar formation
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