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Exam (elaborations)

UBC EOSC 114 exam with complete solutions

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  • Course
  • EOSC 114
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  • EOSC 114

Work W = f x d The force that pushes an object times the distance the object moves Potential energy The work needed to raise an object a distance against the pull of gravity Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:02 / 0:15 Full screen Brai...

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  • September 5, 2024
  • 25
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • EOSC 114
  • EOSC 114
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UBC EOSC 114 exam with complete
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Work - ANSWER- W = f x d
The force that pushes an object times the distance the object moves

Potential energy - ANSWER- The work needed to raise an object a distance
against the pull of gravity

Kinetic energy - ANSWER- The energy an object has due to its motion

Sensible heat - ANSWER- Heat energy we can feel or measure

Latent heat - ANSWER- Hidden heat energy in chemical bonds
Released as sensible heat

Intensity vs. frequency - ANSWER- More intense disasters occur less frequently

Return period - ANSWER- The average number of years between disaster events
of the same magnitude

Hazard - ANSWER- Any event or situation that could cause human or economic
harm

Risk - ANSWER- The probability that any given hazardous event might occur

Crust - ANSWER- -Top layer of the earth
-Cold
-Low density rocks

Mantle - ANSWER- - Middle layer of the earth
- Warm

,- High density rocks

Core - ANSWER- - Center of the earth
- Hot
- Iron-nickel alloy
- More dense than mantle

Lithosphere - ANSWER- Crust and upper mantle
- Define as cold and rigid
- Tectonic plates
- Brittle

Asthenosphere - ANSWER- Mantle near melting point, and therefore ductile
- Very ductile

Mesosphere - ANSWER- Lower mantle
- Hotter but very high pressure
- Solid
-Stiff but ductile

Plate tectonics are controlled by - ANSWER- Physical properties
- Composition
- Density
- Temperature
Force
- Gravity

Types of deformation - ANSWER- Elastic
- Springs back, reversible
Ductile
- Plastic flow, permanent
Brittle
- Breaks, permanent

Convection - ANSWER- Plate tectonics is the upper layer of a huge, ductile
convection cycle of the mantle

Basal drag - ANSWER- Friction between rigid lithosphere and the more ductile
asthenosphere drags the plate along

Slab pull - ANSWER- Cold descending plate is denser than the hot mantle

, - Gravity pulls dense plate down

Ridge push - ANSWER- Heating as the rift raises the ridge crest
- Gravity pulls the elevated plats down and apart

Plate boundaries - ANSWER- Convergent, divergent, transform

Convergent - ANSWER- - Reverse and thrust fault
- Compression
- Strongest
- More time deforming before brittle failure
- Maximum earthquake

Transform - ANSWER- - Strike-slip fault
- Shear
- Generally rock in shear
- Moderate time before failure
- Middle of earthquake size

Divergent - ANSWER- - Normal fault
- Tension
- Weakest boundaries
- Hot rock and in tension
- Least time deforming
- Smallest earthquake size

Basic rules (earthquakes) - ANSWER- - Plates are in continuous motion
- Rocks gradually deform
- Faulting is a brittle failure in the lithosphere
- Asthenosphere and mantle are too hot and ductile for brittle faulting

Why is the oceanic plate always subducted - ANSWER- Continental crust cannot
be subducted because it's much less dense than mantle rock (buoyant)

Body waves - ANSWER- Travel inside materials

Surface waves - ANSWER- Travel along boundaries and between materials

P wave (body wave) - ANSWER- - Compression and extension of the solid
- Particles move in the same direction as the wave propagates

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