Cmb2004 Exam Questions With Verified
Answers
Pathogens that may infect mammals can include fungi, bacteria, viruses as well as large, multi-
cellular organisms such as - answerhelminths
The first phase of an immune response is known as as the innate response with the second phase
called the - ...
Pathogens that may infect mammals can include fungi, bacteria, viruses as well as large, multi-
cellular organisms such as - answer✔✔helminths
The first phase of an immune response is known as as the innate response with the second phase
called the - answer✔✔acquired/adaptive
The acquired phase is specific and relies on the detection of infectious agents using -
answer✔✔.receptors expressed by lymphocytes
The process by which enough cells expressing receptors for the correct pathogen is known as -
answer✔✔clonal selection/expansion
Why is the secondary immune response more effective than the primary response? -
answer✔✔initial antigen-induced clonal expansion leads to memory cell formation which are
then both faster (because present at a higher frequency) and more effective (as have mutated
BCRs/antibodies) to respond during secondary response
What are the 2 chains of an antibody called? - answer✔✔heavy/light chain
Which part of an antibody interacts with the epitope of an antigen? - answer✔✔two identical
antigen binding sites (and in particular CDRs within these)
Define the Fab and the Fc regions of an antibody? - answer✔✔Fab is (VH/CH1+ VL/CL1)
domains (artificially generated with papain) Fc is ((CH2/CH3/+ (CH4 sometimes)) x2 regions of
antibody that binds to FcRs; (also artificially generated with papain)
The antigen binding site of an antibody is made up of... - answer✔✔variable domain of H and L
chains.
The lamda and kappa chains form the .... chain of an antibody? - answer✔✔light
How many hypervariable regions are involved with antigen binding in a single antibody
molecule? - answer✔✔12
Antibodies only recognise peptide antigens? - answer✔✔false
TCRs are formed from two glycoproteins? - answer✔✔true
T cells expressing gamma and delta TCRs are the most common type of T cell - answer✔✔true
(there are possibly more of them in skin and gut; very hard to estimate the precise nos.) but we
know more about a/b T cells which are easier to find in the blood and secondary lymphoid
structures
TCRs recognise carbohydrate? - answer✔✔false
antibodies, TCR's and MHC molecules are:
• Glycoproteins?
• Part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?
• Integral parts of the adaptive immune response? - answer✔✔true, true, true
MHC class I molecules are expressed by which cell types? - answer✔✔almost all
What are the main structural differences between class I and II MHC molecules? -
answer✔✔One chain (class I) versus two (class II), class II have more "open" groove
Does beta 2 microglobulin bind to the processed peptide? - answer✔✔no
How many transmembrane domains does an MHC class I and an MHC class II molecule have
respectively? - answer✔✔1,2
Which binds smaller processed peptides, MHCI/II? - answer✔✔Class I MHC "snaps shut" on
small 8-9 aa peptides in ER following their transport into ER lumen by TAPs. Class II has
peptide-binding grove blocked by CLIP which is only removed once in endocytic pathway by
HLA-DM which also adds in longer peptides (that sometimes hang out end of groove) generated
from phagocytosed antigens
Class 1
What does HLA stand for? - answer✔✔human leukocyte antigen
HLA-DR, -DQ and DP are types of MHC class I or II molecules? - answer✔✔class 2
Which gene segments encode the variable region of the Ig heavy chain? - answer✔✔VDJ
Which gene segments encode the variable region of the light chain of an antibody? -
answer✔✔VJ
How are the heavy (H) chain of an antibody and the beta (b) chain of the TCR similar? -
answer✔✔Similar gene fragments (VDJ) as above
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