ECPI. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 3. QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPOSITE CELL:
Shows components found in most cells.
3 MAJOR PARTS OF A CELL:
1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane - outer bound area
CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE:
- Outer boundary of cell
- Regulates entry and...
ECPI. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 3. QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPOSITE CELL: - answer Shows components found in most cells.
3 MAJOR PARTS OF A CELL: - answer1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane - outer bound area
CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE: - answer- Outer boundary of cell
- Regulates entry and exit of substances meaning it's selectively permeable and makes
decisions on what goes in the cell.
- Consist mainly of lipids.
- Bilayer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins with some carbohydrates.
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS: - answer- Can stand in the way.
- Outside or inside of cell.
- They're like the gates
- Glucose is peripheral protein (waits outside for sugar) ~ this explains diabetes
INTEGRAL PROTEINS: - answer- Transverse membrane, can pass through entire cell
membrane.
- Cholesterol prevents what's water-soluble from passing in (only fat-soluble)
- Carbohydrates are markers to the immune system, so that they don't attack
themselves. Autoimmune diseases occurs if carbohydrates aren't there and cells attack
themselves.
CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE: - answerThe framework is phospholipid bilayer
- water-soluble (hydrophilic) heads from surfaces
- water-insoluble (hydrophobic) tails form interior.
BILAYER: - answeris permeable to lipid-soluble substances, but impermeable to water-
soluble substances.
CHOLESTEROL IN CELL MEMBRANE: - answerStabilizes membrane, helps keep it
impermeable to water-soluble substances. Some lipids and proteins can move; "fluid
mosaic" properties.
, MEMBRANE PROTEINS HAVE MANY FUNCTIONS: - answerPores, channels,
receptors, enzymes cell contact and identification, CAMS (Cell Adhesion Molecule)
CARBOHYDRATES IN CELL MEMBRANE: - answerCell recognition/interaction. Self
markers !!!
CYTOPLASM: - answerConsists of networks of membranes and organelles suspended
to cytosol.
Cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles
CYTOSOL: - answerFluid protein of the cytoplasm.
ORGANELLES: - answerTiny solid structures with specific functions.
"little organs"
CYTOSKELETON: - answerCytoplasm contains this which is a supporting framework of
protein rods and tubules.
MICROFILAMENTS, MICROTUBULES, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT: - answerThread-
like structure in cytoplasm
- Create the cytoskeleton
MICROFILAMENTS: - answerTiny rods of ACTIN provide cellular movement, such as
muscle contraction.
MICROTUBULES: - answer- Large tubes of tubulin
- Rigidity maintains cell shape
- Make up cilia, flagella, centrioles
- Help move organelle
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS: - answer- Composed of several proteins
- Cytoskeletal structure
- Support nuclear envelope
CENTROSOME: - answer"Central body" - consists of 2 centrioles
- In cytoplasm, near nucleus
- Centrioles are cylindrical composed of microtubules.
- Produce SPINDLE FIBERS DURING CELL DIVISION, which distribute chromosomes
to form daughter cell.
CILIA: - answer- Microtubules in cylindrical pattern
- Motile extension of cell membrane
- Form a "fringe" on surface of certain epithelial cells
- Shorter than flagella, but very abundant when present.
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