NURS 1141 - Exam 2 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 1141
Institution
NUR 1141
Hypotonic Will push fluid to extravascular space
Isotonic No change in fluid shift
Hypertonic Will draw fluid into the vascular system
Lactated Ringers
Sodium Chloride Normal saline contains 154 mEq Na per liter Contraindicated in hypernatremia or hyperchloremia
Albumin Colloid Natural protei...
NURS 1141 - Exam 2 Study Questions
and Correct Answers
Hypotonic ✅Will push fluid to extravascular space
Isotonic ✅No change in fluid shift
Hypertonic ✅Will draw fluid into the vascular system
Lactated Ringers ✅
Sodium Chloride ✅Normal saline contains 154 mEq Na per liter
Contraindicated in hypernatremia or hyperchloremia
Albumin ✅Colloid
Natural protein produced in the liver - 70% of colloid oncotic pressure
Human donor
Contraindicated in severe heart failure
Concentrations 5-25%
Onset - 1 minute, Half Life - 16 hour, Duration - 24 hour
Dextran ✅Colloid
Solution of glucose
Concentration 40, 70, 75, mixed in D5w or 0.9ns
Contraindications - heart failure, renal insufficiency, severe dehydration
Onset - 5 min, Half Life - 2-6 hr, Duration 4-6 hr
Crystalloids ✅Lactated Ringers, Normal Saline
Substances in a solution that diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane
Can leak out of the vessels
Colloids ✅Albumin, Dextran
Protein substances that increase the colloid oncotic pressure
Hypertonic!
"Plasma expander"
More expensive - more likely to induce bleeding
Potassium Chloride ✅"most abundant electrolyte inside sells" (95% intracell)
Normal concentration 3.5-5 mEq/L (150 intracell)
Indicated in K+ deficiency
Chloride works on hypochloremia which typically accompanies hypoK+
Contraindications - hyperkalemia, renal disease, dehydration, untreated addisons
disease, hemolytic disease, tissue breakdown
, SE - n/v/d, GI ulcers/bleeding
Dose 20-40mEq/L peripheral, 60mEq/L central - 10mEq/hr no tele, 20mEq/hr tele
Toxicity - weakness, paresthesia, paralysis, dysrhythmia
**hyperK+ fixed by dextrose/insulin, bicarb, Ca gluc/chloride
Interactions - K+ sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors = + K+, non-paring
diuretic,/amphotrecin B, mineral alocorticiods = - K+
Renal role in fluid/electrolyte balance ✅Filtering, excreting, or retaining water and
electroylytes in the kidneys
Glomerular Filtration Rate ✅amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both
kidneys each minute
Creatinine Clearance ✅measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from
the blood by the kidney
Acetazolamide (Diamox) ✅Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Actions: Weak Diuretic, inhibits CA in kidney, brain, eye, pee out bicarb, making them
acidotic, increase rate
Uses: Reduces intraocular pressure (glaucoma) reduces seizure activity, also used in
ICU as respiratory stimulant with metabolic alkalosis for weaning off vent
Furosemide ✅Sulfonamide-type loop
Dose 20, 40, 80mg
IV 10mg/mL (IV is half oral dose)
*Use peroxide for oral irritation
Dumps K+, can cause dehydration/ortho changes
May inhibit uric acid excretion -> gout
Interactions - alchohol/narcs/sedatives -> ortho change
Dig - may increase K+ excretion
*Watch for doses > 200mg
Hydrochlorothiazide ✅Thiazide-type
Dose - 12.5/25/50 oral tablets/capsules (12.5-200mg)
Administer with food/milk
Plasma uric acid issues
May induce hyperglycemia in DM (adjust DM meds)
Metolazone (zaroxolyn) ✅Thiazide-type diuretic
Dose 2.5/5/10mg (2.5-20mg)
Administer with food/milk
Plasma uric acid issues
May induce hyperglycemia in DM (adjust DM meds)
Spironolactone ✅Potassium-sparing diuretic
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