Is an example for practicing the reading exam of the TOEFL, but you can use this for preparing your Cambridge exam. There are multiple examples of reading exams in this document.
Around the year 1500, hunting people occupied the entire northern third of North
America. They lived well from the animals with whom they shared these lands. Hunters
of sea mammals had colonized the Arctic coasts of Canada and Greenland between
Line four and five thousand years before. Land-hunting people had lived throughout much of
(5) the northern interior for at least 12,000 years.
Northern North America is part of a larger circumpolar ecological domain that
continues across the narrow Bering Strait into Siberia and northern Europe. The overall
circumpolar environment in the 1500’s was not very different from the environment of
the present. This vast landmass had a continental climate and was dominated by cold
(10) arctic air throughout a long winter and spring season. Summer temperatures ranged
from near freezing to the mid-20's Celsius, while winter temperatures were often as low
as 40 degrees below zero Celsius.
Geographers divide the overall circumpolar domain into two zones, the Arctic and
below it, the Subarctic. They refer to the landforms of these areas as tundra and taiga,
(15) respectively.
Temperatures in the northern lands were below freezing for eight or nine months of
the year. Subsurface soil in the Arctic's tundra remained permanently frozen. Even
when summer temperatures were above freezing and the top inches of earth became
saturated with water, the soil below remained frozen into a permafrost, as hard as rock.
(20) When water flowed upon the surface of permanently frozen tundra, it made overland
travel extremely difficult. Summer travel in the boggy lands, or muskeg country, of the
Subarctic's taiga was also slow and arduous. Tracking animals was more difficult than
it was during the winter when the swampy ground was frozen solid and covered with
snow. In both tundra and taiga, hordes of mosquitoes and biting flies bred in the
(25) standing pools of water. Clothing lost its thermal efficiency when it became damp.
Northern people looked forward to the turn of the season to bring the easier traveling
conditions associated with cold weather. In the Arctic, they could haul food and
supplies by dogsled while in the Subarctic, people could travel quickly and efficiently by
snowshoes and toboggan.
1. The word "domain" in line 6 is 2. Which of the following terms is used
closest in meaning to to describe the landforms of the
Arctic region?
(A) temperature
(B) period (A) Subarctic
(C) region (B) Taiga
(D) process (C) Tundra
(D) Muskeg
, 3. For how many months of the year 7. All of the following are mentioned as
were temperatures below freezing in having made travel in the summer
the circumpolar region? difficult EXCEPT
4. The word "saturated" in line 19 is 8. The subsurface soil in the Arctic's
closest in meaning to tundra is most comparable to which
of the following?
(A) enriched
(B) dissolved (A) Cement
(C) removed (B) A bog
(D) soaked (C) A pond
(D) Sand
5. The word "arduous" in line 22 is
closest in meaning to 9. Where in the passage does the
author mention a means by which
(A) humid people traveled in the northern
(B) difficult lands?
(C) indirect
(D) unnecessary (A) Lines 2-4
(B) Lines 6-7
(C) Lines 20-21
6. The word "standing" in line 25 is (D) Lines 27-29
closest in meaning to
(A) not flowing
(B) very deep
(C) numerous
(D) contaminated
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gamepablo042. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.44. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
