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SPA6542 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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SPA6542 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITHVERIFIED ANSWERS 2024-2025
Aspects of a language disorder - ANSWER form: phonology, morphology, syntax
content: semantics
use: pragmatics
language disorder - ANSWER an impairment in how we understand
(comprehension) and/or use (production) spoken or written language
descriptive - ANSWER we observe and describe the child's language behavior in
great detail (across modalities and domains)
developmental - ANSWER we compare the child's current skills to what we expect
in typical development
modalities of language - ANSWER comprehension: receptive language
production: expressive language
Etiologies of developmental language disorder DLD - ANSWER no single cause
1. biological factor: genetic influences and neurological structure/function
2. cognitive factor: difference in perception, processing, storage and learning
information -> affect bio and behavior
3. environment factor: external experiences > high risk or protective factor vs
biology
goals of intervention - ANSWER 1. teach language behaviors
2. make the child a better communicator
3. be ethical
purpose of intervention - ANSWER 1. change or eliminate underlying problem >
,specific short term goals
2. change the disorder > teach specific behaviors > short and long term goals
(common: children w. DLD)
3. teach compensatory strategies > function better w. deficits > life long deficit
4. influence the child's environment > often combined with other 3
Intervention roles - ANSWER I. Facilitation: help a child achieve language
milestone sooner but the final outcome is unchanged
II. Maintenance: preserve a behavior that might disappear/decrease
III. Induction: determines if endpoint will be reached > w/out intervention it would
not > most intense, cost-effective, could be mistaken for facilitation
evidence based practice - ANSWER making use of scientific evidence to choose an
intervention method
Formula for EBP - ANSWER 1. formulate your clinical question using PICO
elements
2. Use internal evidence
3. Find external evidence a) opinion of experts b) not all created equal c) critical of
quality
4. grade the studies for a) relevance b) level of evidence c) direction/strength,
consistency
5. integrate internal and external evidence
6. evaluate the decision by documenting outcomes
Objectives or intended goals of intervention - ANSWER a. basic goal: selected
,based on importance for functionality or severity of deficit ex: grammar forms
b. intermediate goals: more specific than basic goal ex: auxiliaries
c. specific goal: a specific in stance of form, content, use ex: is, are
setting goals for intervention - ANSWER behavior, context, criterion (accuracy:
how well and consistency: how often)
targeting ZPD zone of proximal development - ANSWER distance between a
child's current level of independence and potential level of performance
balance: challenging and doable
intervention approaches - ANSWER A. clinician directed
B. client centered.
C. hybrid
clinician directed approach - ANSWER drill or discrete trial intervention
stimuli are highly salient
reduce irrelevant stimuli
clear reinforcement
yield high frequency of desired behavior in a controlled clinical environment
drill - ANSWER instruct client's expected response + repeated training stimulus
drill play - ANSWER drill + motivation: antecedent and subsequent
, modeling - ANSWER social interactionist theory
use 3rd person perspective
Child-centered approach - ANSWER child-led > wait and respond
linguistic mapping with language stimulation approach
a. self-parallel talk
b. imitation
c. expansion: child utterance + grammar + semantic
d. extension: child utterance + semantic
e. buildup/breakdown
f. recast sentence: child sentence -> question
hybrid approach - ANSWER a. arrange environment
b. responsive interaction
c. use child interest/initiation > modeling + prompting
focused stimulation - ANSWER the child is tempted to provide/imitate utterance
helpful in teaching vocabulary and grammar
target words are pre-determined by clinician > use in naturalistic environments >
repetition of words
vertical structuring - ANSWER expansion to highlight target structure > after
focused stimulation
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