major clinical signs of Wuchereria - ✔✔Elephantiasis, Lymphedema
major clinical signs of Fasciola - ✔✔Hepatomegaly, jaundice
Explain why the efforts to control/eradicate Guinea worm have been so successful -
✔✔primarily involved providing safe drinking water sources, promoting the use of
cloth filters, educating communities on water treatment, establishing robust
surveillance systems for case detection, implementing active case search activities,
fostering community engagement and ownership
Guiena Worm AKA - ✔✔Dracunculiasis
Trypanosoma cruzi taxonomy and life cycle - ✔✔protozoa, indirect and direct
Trypanosoma cruzi diagnostic - ✔✔blood smear when present in blood, or tissue
sample
, Trypanosoma cruzi noteable life stage - ✔✔trypomastigote
Leishmania spp. taxonomy and life cycle - ✔✔protozoa with flagella and kinetoplast.
Sandfly bites human and injects promastigotes
Promastigotes are phagocytized by macrophages and mature to amastigotes
intracellularly
Macrophage lyses, releasing amastigotes that continue infection (or sandfly ingests
infected macrophages)
Leishmania spp. diagnostic - ✔✔spleen smear
Leishmania spp. noteable life stage - ✔✔amastigote in tissue
Giardia spp. life cycle and taxonomy - ✔✔direct, Coccidian protozoans
(apicomplexans)
Toxoplasma gondii life cycle and taxonomy - ✔✔Protozoan (Apicomplexan). Cat
infected with tissue cyst
Sexual reproduction in cat gut
Mature oocytes containing sporozoites present in cat feces (human infective stage via
litterbox or food exposure)
Can be transmitted transplacentally
toxoplasma gondii hosts - ✔✔I.H. is birds or rodents. D.H. is cats
toxoplasma gondii noteable life stage - ✔✔oocysts
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