Exam (elaborations)
General Surgery EOR Exam 2024/2025
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General Surgery EOR ExamWhere are the most common sites for Melanoma in men and women? - Men- Back
Women- Calves
What is the most common tumor to metastasize to the heart? - Melanoma
Risk Factors Melanoma: - -Hx of prior melanoma
-age >50 yo
-Absence of regular dermatologist
-Mole changes
-Male gender
What type of biopsy is preferred in Melanoma? - Excisional
What characteristic of Melanoma is most associated with the prognosis for the patient? - Depth
What stage pressure ulcer is erythema of localized area, non-blanching over bony surface (stays
red)? - Stage 1
What stage pressure ulcer is partial loss dermal layer; pink ulceration? - Stage 2
What stage pressure ulcer is full dermal loss often showing subcutaneous tissue /fat? - Stage 3
What stage pressure ulcer is full thickness ulceration exposing bone, tendon, muscle à osteomyelitis
may be present? - Stage 4
Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer Treatment: - Aggressive preventive measure, thin film dressings for
protection
Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer Treatment: - Occlusive dressing to maintain healing, hydrocolloids,
transparent films
,Stage 3 and 4 Pressure Ulcer Treatment: - Debridement of necrotic tissue; exudative ulcers benefit
from absorptive dressings; dry ulcers need occlusive dressing to maintain moisture
Prevention Pressure Ulcers: - Reposition every 2 hours
How is osteomyelitis spread? - From bone and spread through the spinal arteries
What bones are most commonly infected in Osteomyelitis? - Vertebral Spine
What is a frequent cause of Osteomyelitis? - Pseudomonas- puncture wound
Staph Aureus - IVDU
What type of cancer presents with erythematous, indurated, scaly/ulcerated papules on sun
exposed skin? - Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What type of cancer presents with teleangiectasia with central ulceration and rolled border? - Basal
Cell Carcinoma
What is the inability to comprehend/form language due to damage of specific regions? - Aphasia
What is the motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of motor component or motor-
speech system? - Dysarthria
What is a very rare complication of surgery? - vision loss
-MC central retinal artery occlusion
-poor circulation to short posterior ciliary blood vessels that supply the front, anterior, portion of
optic nerve with painless abrupt reduction in vision and optic disc pallor / swelling
Risk Factors Post-Op Vision Loss: - -Long duration of prone position
-Excessive Blood Loss
-Hypotension
-Anemia
, -Hypoxia
-Excessive Fluid Replacement
-Vasoconstriction agents
-Elevated venous pressure
-Head positioning
What type of hematoma causes transient loss consciousness from injury then lucid period followed
by increasing drowsiness, headache and unilateral weakness? - Epidural Hematoma
Cause Epidural Hematoma: - Middle Meningeal Artery
What does the bleed look like on CT Scan? - Lenticular, Unilateral Convexity (lens shape) in temporal
region
-usually doesn't cross suture lines but may cross midline
Treatment Epidural Hematoma: - -Surgical Craniotomy
-Mannitol, steroids/ventricular shunt hyperventilate
What causes loss of pain and temperature below the level with preserved joint position/vibration
sense? - Anterior Cord Syndrome
What causes loss of pain and temperature sensation at the level of the lesion, where the
spinothalamic fibers cross the cord, with other modalities preserved? - Central Cord Syndrome
What causes reduced sensation caudally, no sensation in the levels below injury, urinary retention
and bladder distention? - Complete Cord Transection
What causes loss joint position sense and vibration sense on the same side of lesion and pain and
temperature on the opposite side a few levels below the lesion? - Brown-Sequard Syndrome
-Lesion of half-ipsilateral cervical cord lesion
-Contralateral sensory findings: pain and temperature loss
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