Dental Hygiene Local Anesthesia Board
Review Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Describe the polarization of a nerve cell: - answer✔✔at rest, inside of a cell is slightly (-)
charged and outside is lightly (+) charged. (70 mv) difference.
describe the depolarization of a nerve cell: - answer✔✔when there is an influx of Na+ ions and it
causes the cell to become depolarized with a (+) charge.
describe the repolarization of a nerve cell: - answer✔✔begins immediately after depolarization
with potassium (+) ions leaving the cell in order to restore equilibrium.
myelinated nerves conduct impulses _________ with ________ energy. - answer✔✔faster; less
what do the nodes of ranvier on myelinated nerves allow for? - answer✔✔the passage of local
anesthesia into the nerve cell.
what is the primary action of local anesthetics? - answer✔✔to block pain
perception/transmission by decreasing permeability of sodium ions.
where does the biotransformation of esters occur? - answer✔✔in the pseudocholinesterase of
blood plasma and is then excreted by the kidneys.
where does the biotransformation of amides occur? - answer✔✔in the liver and is then excreted
by the kidneys.
which local anesthetic type is less likely to admit an allergic reaction? - answer✔✔amides
___________ are readily hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions, and _____________ are resistant to
hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. - answer✔✔esters; amides
what is the first sensation that is lost with local anesthetics? - answer✔✔pain
what is the function of sodium chloride in local anesthetics? - answer✔✔to maintain an isotonic
solution
what happens when there is infection in the area of an injection? - answer✔✔because of its low
pH, local anesthetic is less effective.
what is the safe does of a vasoconstricter in a healthy patient? - answer✔✔.2 mg
what is the safe does of a vasoconstricter for a cardiac compromised patient? - answer✔✔.04 mg
what is the advantage of using a vasoconstricter in local anesthetic? - answer✔✔they
significantly delay absorption and removal of the local anesthetic solution thus they provide a
much longer time for the completion of a procedure.
what is used as a preservative for epinephrine in local anesthetics? - answer✔✔sodium bisulfite
how much epinephrine does a carpule of 1/100,000 contain? with this information, what is the
cardiac patient limit based on how much epinephrine is in each carpule? - answer✔✔.018 mg;
two carpules of 1/100,000 because 2 x .018 = .036 mg
adrenalin (epinephrine) is naturally found in the body. where is it produced? - answer✔✔the
adrenal glands
when should epinephrine not be used? - answer✔✔in a cocaine addict
where are topical local anesthetics not effective? - answer✔✔on keratinized tissue
how far does topical anesthetic penetrate mucous membrane? - answer✔✔2-3 mm
what should we limit the placement of a 20% lidocaine patch to? - answer✔✔15 minutes
what are some examples of amide agents? - answer✔✔topical lidocaine, bupivicane,
mepivocaine (carbocaine)
what are some examples of ester agents? - answer✔✔topical benzocaine, topical
tetracainehypochloride, procaine, and prilocaine.
what are the only ester injectable local anesthetics? - answer✔✔procaine and lidocaine
example of a safe topical anesthetic: - answer✔✔benzocaine (ester)
how long should you apply topical anesthetic to non-keratinized tissue? - answer✔✔at least 30
seconds
what should be avoided when sanitizing the injection site as well as contact with local anesthetic
cartridges? - answer✔✔alcohol
what is the shelf life of local anesthetic without epinephrine? with? - answer✔✔36 months; 18
months
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