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Advanced Nursing 2 questions & answers.
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Advanced Nursing 2 questions &answers.
What are the layers of the skin? ANS - epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
What is the inner most layer of the epidermis? ANS - Stratum basale
What occurs in the stratum basale? ANS - Production of cells
Dermis ANS - Provides tensile strength and protection for underlying bones, muscles, and organs
What can be found in the dermis? ANS - Blood vessels, nerves and fibroblasts
Fibroblasts ANS - Provide framework for tissue and are responsible for collagen formation
Wound ANS - Disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body
Acute (wound) ANS - Caused by trauma or surgical incision; proceeds through an orderly and timely
reparative process
Chronic (wound) ANS - Fails to proceed through an orderly and timely process to produce anatomical
and function integrity
Healing Process ANS - After an injury occurs, a series of events is initiated to control blood loss,
establish bacterial control, and seal the defect
Partial-thickness wound repair ANS - Shallow, loss of epidermis (possibly dermis), very painful and red
in appearance
How is a partial-thickness wound healed? ANS - By epidermal regeneration
, Full thickness wound repair ANS - Extends into the dermis, will heal by scar formation, deep structural
damage
How is a full thickness wound healed? ANS - By forming new tissue (granulation tissue)
Hemostasis ANS - Injured blood vessels constrict and platelets gather to stop bleeding
Fibrin matrix ANS - Formed during hemostasis, later provides the framework for cellular repair
Inflammatory phase ANS - Histamine initiates vasodilation of surrounding capillaries and the movement
of serum and white blood cells to damaged tissues
Proliferative phase ANS - New blood vessels appear through angiogenesis; begins and lasts from 3-24
hours after inflammatory phase
In the proliferative phase, fibroblasts ANS - Are present and synthesizes collagen, providing the matrix
for granulation
Maturation ANS - Final stage of healing, collagen scars gains strength but will never have the tensile
strength of the original tissue
Why does scar tissue often appear lighter? ANS - It contains fewer melanocytes
Who is at higher risk for pressure ulcers? ANS - Patients with decreased mobility, decreased sensory
perception, fecal or urinary incontinence, and/or poor nutrition
Staging system ANS - Used to describe the depth of tissue loss for ulcers (stages 1-4)
Stage 1 ANS - Skin is intact, area is red in appearance, doesn't blanch
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