Chapter 7 – Exchange
7.1 Specialised exchange surfaces
Metabolic activity the sum of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in
growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc.
Surface area the outside part or uppermost layer of something:
Volume pertains to the three-dimensional space that is occupied by an object (i.e.
solid, liquid, gas, or plasma). Volumes are determined by calculating the
length, width, and height of the occupied space by an object.
SA: V the relationship between two measurements. It is the ratio of Surface area to
volume. It shows the comparison between the size of the outside of an object
and the amount inside.
Exchange surface In large organisms, exchange surfaces are associated with mass transport
systems that carry substances between the exchange surfaces and the rest of
the body and between parts of the body.
Mass transport maintains the final diffusion gradients that bring substances to and from the
cell membranes of individual cells.
Ventilation refers to the breathing process of a living thing. For example, in humans,
pulmonary ventilation is a type of ventilation that takes place between the
lungs and the environment
7.2 Mammalian gaseous exchange system
Gaseous exchange Is the biological process through which gases are transferred across cell
membranes to either enter or leave the blood. Gas exchange takes place
continuously between the blood and cells throughout the body, and between
the blood and the air inside the lungs.
Nasal cavity The start of the pathway in which air travels. This is where the air is breathed
in.
Trachea After the nasal cavity the air comes down your trachea. This is commonly
known as windpipe. This is the large tube that delivers air from the upper
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