NUR 337 Patho- Training Exam 1
Questions With Verified Solutions.
5 types of cellular adaptation - Answer atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia
Atrophy - Answer occurs with a lack of use, cells have not changed in number or structure
Hypertrophy - Answer cells are swollen, become larger
Hyperplasia - Answer increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - Answer cell type change; they digress to lower type, has some reversibility, some can be
restored
Dysplasia - Answer nonreversible, normal cells are gone, irregular shapes, multiple nuclei,
precancerous
Anaerobic Metabolism - Answer metabolism WITHOUT oxygen; makes 2 ATP per glucose, can lead to
buildup of lactic acid
Aerobic Metabolism - Answer metabolism WITH oxygen; produces 36 ATP net gain
Free radicals and oxidative stress - Answer electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having
unpaired electrons; causes lipid peroxidation, alteration of proteins, and alteration of DNA
Autosomal Recessive - Answer recurrence risk is 25%, males and females are equally affected;
DD = homozygous normal
Dd = heterozygous carrier
dd = homozygous affected
, Autosomal Dominant - Answer on average, half of offspring will be normal, half will be heterozygous
and express disease
DD = homozygous affected
Dd = heterozygous affected
dd = homozygous normal
X-linked recessive - Answer XHXH = normal daughter
XHXh = carrier daughter
XhXh = affected daughter
XHY = normal son
XhY = affected son; Males are never carriers
Trisomy - Answer A cell containing three copies of one chromosome; Trisomy 21 or Down's Syndrome
Triploidy/Polyploidy - Answer a zygote having three or more copies of each chromosome - do not
survive
Aneuploidy - Answer a somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes; a
chromosome (or more) is missing
Mosaic - Answer trisomy where only some cells of the body are affected
Down Syndrome - Answer Trisomy 21, occurs once in every 800 live births. Symptoms include mentally
challenged, low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, low-set ears, poor muscle tone. Risk
for developing occurs with maternal age above 35
Edema - Answer Accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
Causes of edema - Answer - Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
Questions With Verified Solutions.
5 types of cellular adaptation - Answer atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia
Atrophy - Answer occurs with a lack of use, cells have not changed in number or structure
Hypertrophy - Answer cells are swollen, become larger
Hyperplasia - Answer increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - Answer cell type change; they digress to lower type, has some reversibility, some can be
restored
Dysplasia - Answer nonreversible, normal cells are gone, irregular shapes, multiple nuclei,
precancerous
Anaerobic Metabolism - Answer metabolism WITHOUT oxygen; makes 2 ATP per glucose, can lead to
buildup of lactic acid
Aerobic Metabolism - Answer metabolism WITH oxygen; produces 36 ATP net gain
Free radicals and oxidative stress - Answer electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having
unpaired electrons; causes lipid peroxidation, alteration of proteins, and alteration of DNA
Autosomal Recessive - Answer recurrence risk is 25%, males and females are equally affected;
DD = homozygous normal
Dd = heterozygous carrier
dd = homozygous affected
, Autosomal Dominant - Answer on average, half of offspring will be normal, half will be heterozygous
and express disease
DD = homozygous affected
Dd = heterozygous affected
dd = homozygous normal
X-linked recessive - Answer XHXH = normal daughter
XHXh = carrier daughter
XhXh = affected daughter
XHY = normal son
XhY = affected son; Males are never carriers
Trisomy - Answer A cell containing three copies of one chromosome; Trisomy 21 or Down's Syndrome
Triploidy/Polyploidy - Answer a zygote having three or more copies of each chromosome - do not
survive
Aneuploidy - Answer a somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes; a
chromosome (or more) is missing
Mosaic - Answer trisomy where only some cells of the body are affected
Down Syndrome - Answer Trisomy 21, occurs once in every 800 live births. Symptoms include mentally
challenged, low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, low-set ears, poor muscle tone. Risk
for developing occurs with maternal age above 35
Edema - Answer Accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
Causes of edema - Answer - Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
