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ECCO Modules fully solved & updated
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ECCO Modules fully solved & updated
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ECCO Modules fully solved &updated 2024-2025
Cardiac Conduction System - answer Consists of:
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) - Pacemaker of the heart
Atrioventricular node (AV node) - Delays passage of electrical
impulses to the ventricles.
The AV node receives signals to the SA node.
SA Node - answer The pacemaker of the heart, located in the right
atrium.
Generates impulses that create a intrinsic HR of 60-100 bpm.
Has the most rapid automaticity of normal heart tissues.
Triggers atrial depolarizaiton and contraction.
P Wave
Bachmann's bundle and internodal pathways - answer Connect to
the SA node and spread impulses through all parts of the atria and
to the AV node.
,AV Node - answer Receives impulse from the atria, slows the
impulse allowing time for ventricular filling before sending the
impulse to the bundle of His.
Together with the bundle of His makes up the atrioventricular
junction, which is capable of generating an impulse if one is not
received, creating an intrinsic rate of 40-60 bpm.
Receives signals from the SA node.
PR interval.
Bundle of His - answer Receives impulse from the AV node and
transfers it to the right and left bundle branches.
Bundle of His and the AV node make up the atrioventricular
junction, which is capable of generating an impulse if one is not
received, creating an intrinsic rate of 40-60 bpm.
QRS complex.
Bundle branches - answer Branches of the AV bundle that divide to
the right and left sides of the interventricular septum
Receives impulse from the bundle of His and transfers it to the
Purkinje fibers.
The R bundle branch supplies the RV.
The L bundle branch supplies the LV.
QRS complex
,Purkinje Fibers - answer Receive impulses from the bundle branches
and conduct it to the ventricular myocardium to trigger ventricular
depolarization, and contraction.
Capable of generating an impulse if one is not received, creating an
intrinsic rate of 20-40 bpm.
ECG, EKG - answer electrocardiogram
A composite recording of all the action potentials
P wave represents - answer atrial depolarization
QRS complex represents - answer ventricular depolarization
ST segment - answer Time during which ventricles are contracting
and emptying
The right atrium - answer Receives deoxygenated blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava.
Pumps blood into the right ventricle through the tricuspid.
Normal pressure is 2-6 mm Hg
T wave - answer ventricular repolarization
The left atrium - answer Chamber that receives oxygenated blood
from the pulmonary veins.
, Pumps blood into the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
Normal pressure 4-12mm Hg
The right ventricle - answer Deceives deoxygenated blood from the
right atrium through the tricuspid valve.
Pumps blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery,
and on to the lungs to become oxyggenated.
Ventricular pressure increases to 25-30 mm Hg during systole
(contraction).
Ventricular pressure decreases to 0-8 mm Hg during diastole
(relaxation).
The left ventricle - answer Receives oxygenated blood from the left
atrium through the mitral valve.
Pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta for
systemic circulation.
Ventricular pressure increases to 110-130 mm Hg during systole
(contraction).
Ventricular pressure decreases to 4012 mm Hg during diastole
(relaxation).
The interventricular septum - answer Separates the right ventricle
and left ventricle.
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