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Chapter 3 - Neuroscience and Behavior TEST GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
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Chapter 3 - Neuroscience and Behavior TEST GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
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Chapter 3 - Neuroscience and BehaviorTEST GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
hemispheres control motion in and receive sensation from the side of the body opposite
of their location - ANS -the left hemisphere of the brain generally controls the right side
of the body
-the right hemipsee of brain generally controls the left side of the body
The nervous system is the pathway for the instructions - ANS That permit our bodies
to carry out precise acitvites
For the muscles to produce the complex movements that make up any meainingful
physical activity, - ANS The brain provides the right messages to them and coordinates
those messages.
The brain has to provide the right messages to them and coordinate those messages.
Such messages as well as those that enable us - ANS Think, remember, and
experience emotion are passed through specialized cells called neutrons
Neurons or nerve cells are the basic elements - ANS Of the nervous system
Neurons - ANS Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and
transmit information.
Although there are several types of neurons, - ANS They all have a similar structure
A neuron has a cell and structures that conduct messages and dendrites, - ANS Which
receive messages from other neurons, and the axon, which carries messages to other
neurons or body cells.
Axon - ANS the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through
which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
As with most neurons, this axon is protected by the - ANS Sausagelike myelin sheath.
The nucleus incorporates the hereditary material that determines - ANS How a cell will
function
,Neurons are physically held in place by glial cells .
-glial cells - ANS Provide nourishment to neurons, insulate them, help repair damage,
and generally support neural functioning
Neurons have a distinctive feature: the ability to communicate with other cells and
transmit information across relatively long distances - ANS Many of the body's neurons
receive signals from the environment or relay the nervous system's messages to
muscles and other target cells, but the vast majority of neurons communicate only with
other neurons in the elaborate information system that regulates behavior.
1a cluster of fibers at the end of every neuron that are called - ANS Dendrites
Dendrites are the part of the neuron - ANS That receives messages from other
neurons. They look like the twisted branches of a tree
On the opposite side of every neuron is a long, slim, tube-like extension called an -
ANS Axon
Axon - ANS Carries messages received by the dendrites to other neurons.
Axons end in small bulges called - ANS Terminal buttons
Terminal buttons - ANS Send messages to other neurons.
( they look like a small bulge at the end of the axon)
Neurons are electrical in nature. Those electrical messages, or impulse, - ANS Move
across neutrons in one direction only, as if they were traveling on a one-way street.
-impulses follow a route that begins with the dendrites, continues into the cell body, and
leads ultimately along the tube-like extension, the axon, to adjacent neurons.
To prevent messages from short-circuiting one another, i - ANS axons must be
insulated in some fashion ( just as electrical wires must be insulated).
Most axons are insulated by a myelin sheath, - ANS A protective coating of fat and
protein that wraps around the axon like the casting on the links of sausage.
The myelin sheath also serves to increase the velocity with which electrical impulses
travel through axons - ANS Those axons that carry the most important and most
urgently required information have the greatest concentrations of myelin.
, Dendrite ( def) - ANS A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives
messages frill other neurons
Axon ( def) - ANS The part of the neuron that carries messages to other neurons
Terminal buttons ( def) - ANS The part of the axon that sends messages to their
neurons.
-they look like a small bulge at the end of the axon.
myelin sheath ( def) - ANS A protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the
axon
All or none law ( def) - ANS The rule that neurons are either on or off
Resting state ( def) - ANS The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of
about -70 millivolts within a neuron.
Action potential ( def) - ANS An electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron's
axon when it is a set off by a "trigger," changing the neuron's charge from negative to
positive
Neurons follow an all-or-none law: - ANS They are either on or off, with nothing in
between the on state and the off state.
-when there is enough force to pull the trigger, a neuron fires.
Before a neuron is triggere, that is when it is in a resting state - ANS It has a negative
electrical charge of about -70 millivolts ( a millivolt is one 1/1000 of a volt).
-this charge is caused by the presence of more negatively charged ions within the
neuron than outside it.
When a message arrives at a neuron, gates along the cell membrane open briefly to
allow positively charged ions to rush in at rates as high as 1000 million ions per second.
- ANS The sudden arrival of these positive ions causes the charge within the nearby
part of the cell to change momentarily from negative to positive
When the positive charge reaches a critical level, the "trigger" is pulled, and an impulse,
knowing as an ____ _____, travels along the axon of the neutron - ANS Active
potential
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