2. Whichhofhthehfollowingharehinvolvedhinhexternalhrespiration?
a. Redhbloodhcellshandhbodyhcells
b. Scaleneshandhtrapezius
muscles
c. Alveolih andh pulmonary
capillaries
d. Externalh obliqueh and
transversehabdominalhmuscles
4. Duringh spontaneoush inspirationh alveolarh pressureh (PA)h ish about:
h .
a. -h1hcmhH2O
b. +h1hcmhH2O
c. 0hcmhH2O
d. 5hcmhH2O
ANS:h A
-
1hcmhH2Ohishthehlowesthalveolarhpressurehwillhbecomehduringhnor
malhspontaneoushventilation.hDuringhthehexhalationhofhahnormalh
spontaneoushbreathhthehalveolarhpressurehwillhbecomeh+1hcmhH2O.
DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h3
5. Theh pressureh requiredh toh maintainh alveolarh inflationh ishknownh ash
whichhofhthehfollowing?
a. Transairwayhpressureh(PTAh)
b. Transthoracichpressureh(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory hpressureh(PTR)
,https://www.stuvia.com/
d. Transpulmonaryh pressureh (PL)
ANS:hD
Thehdefinitionhofhtranspulmonaryhpressureh (PL)hish thehpressurehrequi
redhtohmaintainhalveolarhinflation.hTransairwayhpressureh(PTAh)hishtheh
pressurehgradienthrequiredhtohproducehairflowhinhthehconductingh tub
es.h Transrespiratoryh pressureh (PTR)h ish theh pressurehtohinflatehthehlun
gshandhairwayshduringhpositivehpressurehventilation.hTransthoracichp
ressureh(PTT)hrepresentshthehpressurehrequiredhtohexpandhorhcontrac
th thehlungsh andh thehchesthwallhaththehsamehtime.
DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h3
6. Calculatehthehpressurehneededhtohovercomehairwayhresistancehd
uringhpositivehpressurehventilationhwhenhthehproximalhairwayhpre
ssureh(PAw)hish35hcmhH2Ohandhthehalveolarhpressureh(PA)hish5hcmhH2O.
a. 7hcmhH2O
b. 30hcmhH2O
c. 40hcmhH2O
d. 175hcmhH2O
ANS:hB
Theh transairwayh pressureh (PTAh)h ish usedh toh calculateh theh pressurehre
quiredh toh overcomeh airwayh resistance h duringh mechanicalhventilati
on.hThishformulahishPTAh=hPawh-hPA.
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscoushresistance
d. Distendinghpressure
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