Exam (elaborations)
NURS 172 - Exam 5 Questions With Complete Solutions
- Course
- Hondros NUR 172
- Institution
- Hondros College School Of Nursing
NURS 172 - Exam 5 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 172 - Exam 5 Questions WithComplete Solutions
The appropriate collaborative therapy for the patient with acute
diarrhea caused by a viral infection is to
a. increase fluid intake.
b. administer an antibiotic.
c. administer antimotility drugs.
d. quarantine the patient to prevent spread of the virus. - Correct
answer: a
Rationale: Acute diarrhea resulting from infectious causes (e.g.,
virus) is usually self-limiting. The major concerns are
transmission prevention, fluid and electrolyte replacement, and
resolution of the diarrhea. Antidiarrheal agents are
contraindicated in the treatment of infectious diarrhea because
they potentially prolong exposure to the infectious organism.
Antibiotics are rarely used to treat acute diarrhea. To prevent
transmission of diarrhea caused by a virus, hands should be
washed before and after contact with the patient and when body
fluids of any kind are handled. Vomitus and stool should be
flushed down the toilet, and contaminated clothing should be
washed immediately with soap and hot water.
When a 35-year-old female patient is admitted to the emergency
department with acute abdominal pain, which possible diagnosis
,should you consider that may be the cause of her pain (select all
that apply)?
a. Gastroenteritis
b. Ectopic pregnancy
c. Gastrointestinal bleeding
d. Irritable bowel syndrome
e. Inflammatory bowel disease - Correct answers: a, b, c, d, e
Rationale: All these conditions could cause acute abdominal
pain.
Assessment findings suggestive of peritonitis include
a. rebound abdominal pain.
b. a soft, distended abdomen.
c. dull, continuous abdominal pain.
d. observing that the patient is restless. - Correct answer: a
Rationale: With peritoneal irritation, the abdomen is hard, like a
board, and the patient has severe abdominal pain that is worse
with any sudden movement. The patient lies very still. Palpating
the abdomen and releasing the hands suddenly causes sudden
,movement within the abdomen and severe pain. This is called
rebound tenderness.
In planning care for the patient with Crohn's disease, the nurse
recognizes that a major difference between ulcerative colitis and
Crohn's disease is that Crohn's disease
a. frequently results in toxic megacolon.
b. causes fewer nutritional deficiencies than ulcerative colitis.
c. often recurs after surgery, whereas ulcerative colitis is curable
with a colectomy.
d. is manifested by rectal bleeding and anemia more frequently
than is ulcerative colitis. - Correct answer: c
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis affects only the colon and rectum; it
can cause megacolon and rectal bleeding, but not nutrient
malabsorption. Surgical removal of the colon and rectum cures
it. Crohn's disease usually involves the ileum, where bile salts
and vitamin cobalamin are absorbed. After surgical treatment,
disease recurrence at the site is common.
The nurse performs a detailed assessment of the abdomen of a
patient with a possible bowel obstruction, knowing that
manifestations of an obstruction in the large intestine are (select
all that apply)
a. persistent abdominal pain.
, b. marked abdominal distention.
c. diarrhea that is loose or liquid.
d. colicky, severe, intermittent pain.
e. profuse vomiting that relieves abdominal pain. - Correct
answers: a, b
Rationale: With lower intestinal obstructions, abdominal
distention is markedly increased and pain is persistent. Onset of
a large intestine obstruction is gradual, vomiting is rare, and
there is usually absolute constipation, not diarrhea.
A patient with stage I colorectal cancer is scheduled for surgery.
Patient teaching for this patient would include an explanation
that
a. chemotherapy will begin after the patient recovers from the
surgery.
b. both chemotherapy and radiation can be used as palliative
treatments.
c. follow-up colonoscopies will be needed to ensure that the
cancer does not recur.
d. a wound, ostomy, and continence nurse will visit the patient
to identify an abdominal site for the ostomy. - Correct answer: c
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