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NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1 QuestionsWith Complete Solutions
1. How does the sodium-potassium pump work? Correct
Answers The sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump uses energy to
actively transport sodium out of the cell and bring potassium
into the cell. The pump is located in the plasma membrane of all
cells. Active transport is responsible for the intracellular
compartment containing relatively high concentrations of
potassium ions but low concentrations of sodium ions. The
pump moves these two ions in opposite directions across the
plasma membrane. For every three sodium ions pumped out,
two potassium ions are pumped in.
A 12-year-old male patient presents with fever, night sweats and
two lumps under his right axilla. Biopsy of these enlarged lymph
nodes reveal Reed-Sternberg cells. What is the diagnosis?
Correct Answers Hodgkin's lymphoma
A 42-year-old female patient presents with jaundice and
elevated liver enzymes. She does not drink alcohol and does not
have any known liver disease history. On examination, you see a
"bluish" or dark rings that encircle the iris of the eye. She also
has an elevated ceruloplasmin level. What is the likely
diagnosis? Correct Answers Wilson disease
A 45 year old male presents with symptoms of pneumonia and
on CBC, the differential of the WBCs show mostly lymphocytes
known as lymphocytosis, what is the likely cause of this man's
pneumonia? Correct Answers Virus
,A 45-year-old Caucasian male has a movement disorder that
appears like a dance. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disease
he knew he was going to inherit as it runs in his family. What is
the diagnosis? Correct Answers Huntington's disease
A 46-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of
progressive fatigue and shortness of breath. She had a history of
uterine fibroids with heavy menstrual bleeding but had missed
her gynecologic follow-up examination 2 years earlier. Physical
examination revealed facial and conjunctival rim pallor, blue
sclera (Figure 1A Links to an external site.) with conjunctival
rim pallor, and koilonychia. Laboratory tests were hemoglobin
4.0 g/dL (reference range 12-16), hematocrit 16.7% (37-47),
mean corpuscular volume 54.8 fL (80-98), serum ferritin 0.8
ng/mL (24-307), and transferrin saturation 2.8% (20%-50%).
Correct Answers Iron deficiency anemia is the most common
type of anemia and is caused by bleeding most commonly, so all
sources of bleeding must be ruled out prior to treating the
deficiency. This is a microcytic hypochromic anemia on
microscopy.
A 5 year old child is on your hospital ward with a fever of 102
degrees Fahrenheit, what is the BEST way to break the fever for
this patient? Correct Answers Give acetaminophen or Tylenol
A 50 year old female presents to the ER with profuse diarrhea.
She was just in the hospital for an atypical pneumonia where she
was given CIPRO or ciprofloxacin for an antibiotic. Since being
home, she has had an uncontrollable diarrhea that is watery and
foul smelling along with abdominal pain and swelling. What is
,the most likely cause of this diarrheal illness based on her
history? Correct Answers Clostridium difficile
A 55 year old female presents with anemia. She has chronic
kidney disease and will soon need hemodialysis. She takes iron
supplements as she was told this would help her. What would
likely increase her RBCs and improve her anemia the BEST?
Correct Answers EPO or erythropoietin injections regularly
A 55 year old female wants to know her risk for having an MI in
the next five years, what lab test would help to assess this
patient's risk for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis?
Correct Answers HS-CRP or high sensitivity C reactive protein
A 65 year old female presents with a thrombotic stroke two
hours ago with right sided detriments. She has diabetes and
hyperlipidemia. Recently she was diagnosed with a large colon
mass that is colon cancer which has not been resected and has
had periodic bleeding episodes requiring transfusion. What is
her Best stroke treatment concerning tPA? Correct Answers
She is not a good tPA candidate due to a recent GI bleed that is
still ongoing
A 65 year old female presents with paleness, fatigue, glossitis,
hair loss and pica. She is found to have low ferritin, low iron and
high TIBC. Which of the following is CORRECT for this
patient? Correct Answers The patient should be worked up for
a possible GI bleed.
, A 65 year old female with chest pain presents to the ER. She has
ECG changes and an elevated serum troponin. What is the most
likely diagnosis? Correct Answers myocardial infarction
A 65 year old male patient has a very aggressive and insidious
leukemia and has a WBC of 800,000 cells per microliter. Most
of the cells are myeloblasts, basophils and eosinophils and he
has been found to be Ph chromosome positive. What is the
leukemia? Correct Answers CML
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old
woman. Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were
well-differentiated and resembled surrounding cells. The cells
were contained within a well-defined area. Correct Answers
BENIGN NEOPLASIA
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass
of tissue resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign
neoplasm, the cells do not have the characteristics associated
with malignancy. The cells, although cancerous, are well-
differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature cells. The
cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
A characteristic of aplastic anemia is _______________.
Correct Answers pancytopenia
A child is born with cystic fibrosis, which of the following
statements about the genetics of this disease is TRUE? Correct
Answers Both parents must have contributed the gene for CF to
the offspring as it is a recessive disease.
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