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NUR 376 Patho Exam 2 Modules 4-6 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NUR 376 Patho Exam 2 Modules 4-6 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NUR 376 Patho Exam 2 Modules 4-6 Questions WithComplete Solutions
A chronic cough in a smoker with cyanosis and a barrel-shaped
chest is often indicative of Correct Answers COPD
Acute Glomerulonephritis Correct Answers Arises from
untreated streptococcal infection (strep throat). Develops
approx. 14 days after infection and mainly affects pediatric
patients 2-10 yrs old. This causes the immune system to make
antigen-antibody complexes that gets collected in the bowman's
capsule, causing inflammation
** It is not the streptococcal infection causing the inflammation,
its the antigen-antibody complexes made by the immune system
Inflammation of the glomerulus increases its permeability to
RBCs and proteins when under normal conditions, would not
happen
-causes hematuria= tea/cola colored urine
-proteinuria (mild amounts)= results in low protein in the blood
Why is this an issue? Protein (albumin) is responsible for
retaining water in the capillaries. So, no protein= water leaving
the caps. Clinical Manifestation = edema (specifically around
eyes)
acute kidney injury classifications/indication Correct Answers
1)Prerenal: Decreased blood flow is the major cause of prerenal
AKI and is usually reversible with timely treatment.
,2)Intrinsic: Intrinsic causes of AKI are associated with actual
damage to kidney tissue, often associated with nephrotoxic
agents, infectious processes, trauma, or obstruction of nephron
tubules.
3)Postrenal: Obstruction of nephron tubules can occur in
disorders that cause excretion of a large amount of breakdown
products from hemoglobin, myoglobin, or purines.
Acute Pancreatitis Correct Answers Sudden inflammation due
to something that has triggered the digestive enzymes to activate
in the pancreas
Commonly caused by gallstones & alcohol abuse
Pain comes on suddenly and can be spasmatic
-drinking alcohol and eating fatty foods can trigger this
It is reversible if treated properly and quickly
Can lead to chronic pancreatitis
Acute Pharyngitis, s/s, tx: Correct Answers Inflammation of
pharynx (throat). Common sore throat
Most commonly caused by viruses
May be bacterial- GABHS aka Streptococcus pyogenes
S/S:
- fever
-malaise
,-sore throat but typically no cough.
Results in strep throat and progression may lead to scarlet fever,
rheumatic fever, or glomerulonephritis. Infection can spread
from the pharynx to cause sinusitis and otitis media.
Acute Rhinitis Correct Answers Inflammation and irritation of
mucous membranes most commonly caused by rhinovirus or
allergies. Transmitted via airborne droplets. Nasal discharge can
either be clear (allergies) , yellow or green.
Bacterial: High neutrophils
Viral: High lymphocytes
Allergy: High Eosinophils
s/s:
-nasal discharge
- nasal congestion
-sneezing, and throat irritation
- A slight fever may be present.
Antihistamines, analgesics and antipyretic meds such as
acetaminophen are usually sufficient treatment. A corticosteroid
nasal spray may be used for allergies.
Acute Sinusitis, s/s Correct Answers Inflammation of sinus
cavity. Sinus cavity becomes obstructed due to accumulated
fluid and edema from inflammatory process. This buildup serves
as a perfect medium for bacterial growth and infection.
Can be caused by allergies, bacteria, viruses & fungi
, -facial pain
-headache
-increased pressure pain when bending forward
-nasal obstruction
-discharge
-fever
-sore throat
-dental pain
-decreased smell
Acute Tonsilitis Correct Answers Inflammation of the tonsils
and pharynx. Can cause difficulty swallowing and tonsils may
become reddened and enlarged.
Most commonly caused by GABHS or viruses such as EBV,
adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, or cytomegalovirus
-bacteria cause between 15% and 30% of the pharyngotonsillitis
cases
s/s:
-sore throat
-fever
-difficulty swallowing
acute tubular necrosis (ATN) Correct Answers Damage to the
renal tubules due to hypoxia or ischemia
*Most common cause of acute kidney injury
Complications:
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