NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old
woman. Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were
well-differentiated and resembled surrounding cells. The cells
were contained within a well-defined area. Correct Answers
Benign neoplasia.
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass
of tissue resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign
neoplasm, the cells do not have the characteristics associated
with malignancy. The cells, although cancerous, are well-
differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature cells. The
cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
A child ingests bicarbonate. What compensatory mechanisms
would occur? Correct Answers -Reabsorption of H+ ions
-Decreased ventilation to combat the alkalosis
-Increased bicarbonate secretion
A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would
cause water to Correct Answers Move INTO THE CELL.
A laboratory report shows abnormal serum calcium levels.
Which of the following tissues will the nurse need to evaluate,
as these tissues are affected by abnormal calcium levels?
Correct Answers Parathyroid glands
Skeletal muscle
Nervous system
,A laboratory result for parathyroid hormone (PTH) is not
available; however, the nurse suspects hyperparathyroidism.
Which of the following would support the nurse's conclusion?
Correct Answers Muscle flaccidity and weakness
(hypercalcemia)
A nurse notes on a patient's chart the presence of syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) due to a pulmonary
tumor. Which of the following can the nurse expect to observe?
Select all that apply. Correct Answers -Increased blood
pressure
-Decreased plasma osmolality (due to fluid retention)
-Urine osmolarity higher than normal (urine becomes more
concentrated)
A nursing student believes that her patient has hypervolemic
hypernatremia. Which of the patient's signs and symptoms
would support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. Correct
Answers Edema
Na+ levels 150
Hypertension
A patient presents with hyperkalemia. When a nursing student is
asked the possible causes of elevated potassium, which of his
responses are correct?
-Addisons disease
-Diuretic therapy
-Metabolic acidosis
-Laxative abuse
-Renal failure Correct Answers A, C, D
, Addison's disease causes reduced aldosterone levels, which
causes reduced potassium.
In metabolic acidosis, H+ ions shift INTO the cells and K+
moves out of cells into the plasma.
When the kidneys fail, potassium secretion declines.
--> Laxatives cause loss of potassium and diuretics usually
cause hypokalemia.
ADH Correct Answers antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).
Secreted during thirst/dehydration.
An athlete competed in a long duration endurance event lasting
more than 8 hours. Results from laboratory values obtained in
the Emergency Department show that he lost a significant
amount of fluid and electrolytes. What phrase may be most
applicable to his current status? Correct Answers Hypovolemic
hyponatremia
Andy has undergone a colonoscopy because his family has a
history of colon cancer. Biopsy of the colon reveals poorly
differentiated cells in the samples. Cells were abnormally
organized, with distorted borders. Infiltration of the abnormal
cells occurred throughout several samples. Correct Answers
Malignant neoplasia
Neoplasia is uncontrolled, unregulated cell growth. Malignancy,
when applied to neoplasm, indicates the cancerous cells are
Solutions
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old
woman. Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were
well-differentiated and resembled surrounding cells. The cells
were contained within a well-defined area. Correct Answers
Benign neoplasia.
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass
of tissue resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign
neoplasm, the cells do not have the characteristics associated
with malignancy. The cells, although cancerous, are well-
differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature cells. The
cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
A child ingests bicarbonate. What compensatory mechanisms
would occur? Correct Answers -Reabsorption of H+ ions
-Decreased ventilation to combat the alkalosis
-Increased bicarbonate secretion
A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would
cause water to Correct Answers Move INTO THE CELL.
A laboratory report shows abnormal serum calcium levels.
Which of the following tissues will the nurse need to evaluate,
as these tissues are affected by abnormal calcium levels?
Correct Answers Parathyroid glands
Skeletal muscle
Nervous system
,A laboratory result for parathyroid hormone (PTH) is not
available; however, the nurse suspects hyperparathyroidism.
Which of the following would support the nurse's conclusion?
Correct Answers Muscle flaccidity and weakness
(hypercalcemia)
A nurse notes on a patient's chart the presence of syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) due to a pulmonary
tumor. Which of the following can the nurse expect to observe?
Select all that apply. Correct Answers -Increased blood
pressure
-Decreased plasma osmolality (due to fluid retention)
-Urine osmolarity higher than normal (urine becomes more
concentrated)
A nursing student believes that her patient has hypervolemic
hypernatremia. Which of the patient's signs and symptoms
would support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. Correct
Answers Edema
Na+ levels 150
Hypertension
A patient presents with hyperkalemia. When a nursing student is
asked the possible causes of elevated potassium, which of his
responses are correct?
-Addisons disease
-Diuretic therapy
-Metabolic acidosis
-Laxative abuse
-Renal failure Correct Answers A, C, D
, Addison's disease causes reduced aldosterone levels, which
causes reduced potassium.
In metabolic acidosis, H+ ions shift INTO the cells and K+
moves out of cells into the plasma.
When the kidneys fail, potassium secretion declines.
--> Laxatives cause loss of potassium and diuretics usually
cause hypokalemia.
ADH Correct Answers antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).
Secreted during thirst/dehydration.
An athlete competed in a long duration endurance event lasting
more than 8 hours. Results from laboratory values obtained in
the Emergency Department show that he lost a significant
amount of fluid and electrolytes. What phrase may be most
applicable to his current status? Correct Answers Hypovolemic
hyponatremia
Andy has undergone a colonoscopy because his family has a
history of colon cancer. Biopsy of the colon reveals poorly
differentiated cells in the samples. Cells were abnormally
organized, with distorted borders. Infiltration of the abnormal
cells occurred throughout several samples. Correct Answers
Malignant neoplasia
Neoplasia is uncontrolled, unregulated cell growth. Malignancy,
when applied to neoplasm, indicates the cancerous cells are
