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D167 Exam| Questions with 100% Correct Answers (A Rated)
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D167 Exam| Questions with 100% CorrectAnswers (A Rated)
classical conditioning - ANSWER a type of learning in which one learns to link two or
more stimuli and anticipate events
operant conditioning - ANSWER the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects
of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
Carol Gilligan - ANSWER moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls
and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they
focused more on relationships rather than laws and principles. Their reasoning was merely
different, not better or worse
,Carol Gilligan stages - ANSWER 1. Pre conventional: I love myself
2. Conventional: I love you more than I love myself
3. Post conventional: I love you and I love myself
Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device - ANSWER every child is born with the knowledge
to acquire language
babbling stage - ANSWER beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in
which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household
language. Lip sounds, vowels.
Motherese - ANSWER baby talk
Skinner's Theory of Language Development - ANSWER Skinner, a behaviorist, thought that
children learn language through imitation and reinforcement. As parents correct incorrect
speech acts and reinforce correct ones, the child learns the rules of language.
Behaviorist Theory of Second Language - ANSWER Children learn language through 3 key
processes; imitating, prompting from others, shaping from others (parents affirming a
response.)
language development theories - ANSWER learning (environmental or behaviorist), nativist,
interactionist
Student challenges in learning are related to... - ANSWER cognitive, language, physical, social
and emotional
intrinsic barriers - ANSWER within one student
Extrinsic Barriers - ANSWER environmental circumstances
, Developmental Milestones - ANSWER Cognition; thinking and reasoning
language; recieve and express
motor coordination; gross and fine motor skills
social interaction; initiate peer contact
adaptive; eat, sleep, bath
Cognitive Development (Piaget) - ANSWER Sensorimotor-explores through the senses, gains
object permanence
Preoperational-can't see other people's point of view (egocentrism)
Concrete operational-concept of conservation, logical thinking
Formal operational-adult reasoning develops, abstract thinking, metacognition (thinking about
thinking)
cognitive development stage 1 - ANSWER Infancy (0-2): Crawl, babble
Cognitive Development Stage 2 - ANSWER Early Childhood (2-7): During this phase expose
children to as many things as possible. Welcome mistakes, emphasize joy of learning.
Cognitive Development Stage 3 - ANSWER Middle Childhood (6-10): Children continue to grow,
get adult teeth, refine fine motor skills that lead to better writing, drawing, sewing, building.
Cognitive Development Stage 4 - ANSWER Adolescent (10-18): Continue to grow. Females
grow first and stop growing as boys continue to grow past high school. Hormones kick in and
may cause behavioral issues and altered moods.
Arnold Gessell - ANSWER Theory of development based on maturational readiness
Established growth norms
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem,
self-actualization
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