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Psychopharmacology
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Exam study book Psychopharmacology for Mental Health Professionals: An Integrative Approach of R. Elliott Ingersoll, Carl F. Rak - ISBN: 9781305537231 (Psychopharmacology)
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Psychopharmacology
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Psychopharmacology for Mental Health Professionals- An Integrative Approach, 2nd edition
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Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior, 3rdEdition TEST BANK By Meyer Nursing, Verified Chapters 1 - 20,
Complete Newest Version
What are the four criteria for neurotransmitter (NT) identification? -
ANSWER:Chemical (as well as the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and
catabolism) must be present in the presynaptic terminal of pathway examined
•
Chemical must be released from the examined pathway upon electrical and/or
normal stimulation of cell
• The exogenous placement of the chemical onto adjacent cell should mimic effects
produced by natural or electrical stimulation of secreting cell
• Compounds that block effects of the naturally or electrically stimulated release of
NTs on adjacent cell should affect suspected chemical in similar fashion
Where in the synapse drug can produce their effects? Describe five possible sites of
action. - ANSWER:Pre-synaptic Synthesis
Vesicles
Post Synaptic receptors
Synaptic cleft
Autoreceptors
3. Name monoamine neurotransmitters and explain why they are called such. How
are monoamines are grouped into separate classes? - ANSWER:They named so
because they are made up of one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring
by a two-carbon chain (-CH2-CH2-
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Describe the synthesis of dopamine (DA). Name all precursors and enzymes involved
in DA synthesis. - ANSWER:Tyrosine → Tryosine hydroxylase enzyme→ Dopa
→Amino Acid Decarboxylase--> Dopamine
What is the rate-limiting factor in DA synthesis - ANSWER:Tyrosine hydroxylase
Describe dopamine receptors and briefly explain how they produce cellular effects. -
ANSWER:D1 And D5
- Turns on second messenger pathway (cAMP)
- Makes cell more likely to fire (indirect excitation)
D2,D3, D4
- Turns off second messenger pathway (cAMP; indirect inhibition)
- Opens K+ channels (direct inhibition)
, What enzymes are responsible for breakdown of DA - ANSWER:MAO and COMT
Name one agonist and one antagonist at any DA receptor. - ANSWER:SKF38393
agonist D1
SH23390 Antagonist
blocks D1
receptors
Name one agonist and one antagonist at any norepinephrine (NE) receptor. -
ANSWER:Albuterol—Agonist beta-receptors, 1-2←preferred
Yohimbine--Antagonist --Alpha-2
What does reserpine do for living? - ANSWER:blocks NE and DA from returning to
VMAT allowing MAO to destroy it
Briefly describe three dopaminergic pathways in the brain and their respective
functions - ANSWER:-Mesolimbic Involved in emotion and reward (VTA -Mid-brain /
nucleus accumbens limbic)
-Mesocoritical pathway Involved in emotion and reward (VTA-Frontal Cortex)
-Nigrostriatal Tract Involved in movement substantia nigra to the striatum
Where in the brain the majority of NE neurons originate? - ANSWER:locus coeruleus
What behavioral effects does DA mediate? - ANSWER:Motor effects
Motivation
Learning
Reward
Cognitive function
What behavioral effects does NE mediate? - ANSWER:Arousal
Attention (vigilance)
Feeding
Blood pressure
Bronchial dilation
How many 5HT receptors are there? - ANSWER:15
Are 5 HT receptors ionotropic or metabotropic? - ANSWER:Both
Briefly describe 5 HT receptors, which we know most about - ANSWER:•5-HT1A-F:
inhibitory
-Direct opening of K+ channels or indirect change in cellular functions (5-HT1A inhibit
cAMP)
•5-HT2A: excitatory
-Increases intracellular Ca++ and changes cellular functions (through activation of
PKC)
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