Until the end of the 19th century, most medicines came from - answer-Naturally occurring fresh plants, including herbs and flowers.
Examples of natural medications used in the 19th century - answer-Morphine, marijuana, cardiac glycosides and heparin
Drugs - answer-Substances or chemical agent...
Chapter 1-Introduction to Clinical
Pharmacology
Until the end of the 19th century, most medicines came from - answer-Naturally
occurring fresh plants, including herbs and flowers.
Examples of natural medications used in the 19th century - answer-Morphine, marijuana,
cardiac glycosides and heparin
Drugs - answer-Substances or chemical agents that affect biological or living systems
Drugs and physiological responses relationship - answer-Drugs do not create new
physiological responses. They alter normal processes either by stimulating or depressing
the function of the cell.
Biologics - answer-agents naturally produced in an animal or human body
Examples of biologics - answer-vaccines, blood and blood components, antibodies, and
interferon
Examples of alternative drug therapy - answer-Herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary
supplements, natural extracts
5 major subgroups of pharmacology - answer-Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,
pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacogenetics, toxicology
Pharmacokinetics - answer-the study of drug movement throughout the body
4 major steps of pharmacokinetics - answer-absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Phamacodynamics - answer-The action a drug has on a specific target of action in the
body, including mechanism of action, receptor interactions, dose-response relationship,
and therapeutic and toxic reactions.
Pharmacotherapeutics - answer-The study of how drugs may be best used in the
treatment of a specific disease.
Pharmacogenetics - answer-The convergence of pharmacology and genetics, including
the genetic factors that influence an organism's response to a drug.
Example of pharmacogenetics - answer-Slow acetylators vs. fast aceylators relating to
the breakdown of an anti TB drug called INH.
, Some people can break down medications faster than others. Which subgroup of
pharmacology does this have to do with? - answer-Pharmacogenetics
Posology - answer-Study of the dosages of medicine and drugs
Toxicology - answer-Study of poisons, chemical pollutants, and the undesirable effects of
drugs on living cells, tissues, and organisms.
Poison - answer-Any substance detrimental to health that may result in incapacitation,
illness (ex. Cancer), or death
Polypharmacy - answer-use of multiple medications
Sources of drug information - answer-Dental Drug Reference, Drug Information
Handbook for Dentistry, USPDI, Facts and comparison, Books and journals
U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP)
- Year established
- What is it?
- Verifies what? - answer-1820
first publication of drug standards; verifies purity and exact amounts of ingredients
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of _____. - answer-1938; first law requiring evidence of
safety of a drug before it is marketed to the general public.
1930- The food, drug, and Insecticide Administration was shortened to - answer-Food and
Drug Administration (FDA)
FDA is apart of - answer-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
What does the FDA do?
-
-
-
- - answer-- Grants approval for drugs marketed in the U.S. ("Safe and Effective")
- Sets standards for quality control in drug manufacturing plants.
- Determines which drugs can be sold by prescription and OTC
- Regulates the labeling and advertising of prescription drugs.
National regulatory body - answer-FDA
Required for all OTC package labels - answer-Drug facts
What is included in drug facts? (10) - answer-- Active ingredients
- Purpose
- Use(s)
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