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Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology

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  • Clinical Pharmacology

How are most drugs made today? - answer-Synthetically (in a lab) Pharmacology - answer-the biomedical study of interaction of chemical substances with living systems, including cells, tissues, and organs (study of drugs) Drugs - answer-• substances or chemical agents that affect biologic ...

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  • September 7, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
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TOPDOCTOR
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology
How are most drugs made today? - answer-Synthetically (in a lab)

Pharmacology - answer-the biomedical study of interaction of chemical substances with
living systems, including cells, tissues, and organs
(study of drugs)

Drugs - answer-• substances or chemical agents that affect biologic or living systems
• alter normal processes either by stimulating or depressing the function of the cell

Synthetic - answer-man-made

Biologics - answer-agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by
the body itself

examples: vaccines, blood and blood components, antibodies, and interferon

Alternative Drug Therapy - answer-includes herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary
supplements and natural extracts

What are the five major subgroups of pharmacology? - answer-• pharmacokinetics
• pharmacodynamics
• pharmacotherapeutics
• pharmacogenetics
• toxicology

Pharmacokinetics - answer-the way the body affects the drug
(ADME)

What does ADME mean? - answer-absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Pharmacodynamics - answer-the action a drug has on a specific target of action in the
body

Posology - answer-study of dosages of medicines and drugs

Therapeutics - answer-the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease
• prevent
• diagnose
• treat

Pharmacotherapeutics - answer-study of the use of drugs in treating disease

Pharmacogenetics - answer-the study of the interrelation of hereditary constitution and
response to drugs

, Toxicology - answer-study of poisonous substances and their effects upon the body

Why should a dental hygienist be familiar with pharmacology? - answer-A majority of the
older adult population takes several drugs... meaning your patients could be taking
them.

What term refers to a patient taking multiple medications? - answer-Polypharmacy

Assessment in pharmacology - answer-assess all medication taken by your pt and
consider drugs that could be prescribed during tx, med history and med list should be
reviewed at each appt, disease risk assessment will include side effects of the meds

Planning in pharmacology - answer-the names, dosages, mechanisms of action, and
interactions with other drugs and herbal supplements are all critical

Implementation in pharmacology - answer-educational and therapeutic services require
knowledge of the prescription or OTC therapies available to the dental hygienist

Which is a better source of drug info, Wikipedia or Medline.com? - answer-Medline.com

Only reputable websites should be used

What started addiction to home remedies in the late 19th century? - answer-Codeine

FDA - answer-Food and Drug Administration

What does the FDA do? - answer-regulates the safety of foods, drugs, and cosmetics

Who's in charge of the drug facts on the labels of OTC items? - answer-FDA

T/F: all new drugs must undergo rigid studies in animals and humans before gaining
approval for use by the public - answer-True

What are the 4 stages of approval for drugs? - answer-1. Preclinical investigation
2. Clinical investigation
3. NDA review (new drug application)
4. Post marketing surveillance

Preclinical Investigation - answer-• before clinical studies are done on humans
• must be done on 2 species
• results must be submitted to the FDA before phase 1 of clinical trials

Clinical Investigation - answer-4 Phases

I) first time a drug is administered in a human - determines a proper and safe dose of the
drug

II) after safety is determined, another group with a specific disease are given the drug -
determines the common short term effects and risks

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