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NUR 376 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solution1
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NUR 376 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solution1
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NUR 376 Exam 2 Questions WithComplete Solutions
Acute Glomerulonephritis Correct Answers Arises from
untreated streptococcal infection (strep throat). Develops
approx. 14 days after infection and mainly affects pediatric
patients 2-10 yrs old. This causes the immune system to make
antigen-antibody complexes that gets collected in the bowman's
capsule, causing inflammation
** It is not the streptococcal infection causing the inflammation,
its the antigen-antibody complexes made by the immune system
Inflammation of the glomerulus increases its permeability to
RBCs and proteins when under normal conditions, would not
happen
-causes hematuria= tea/cola colored urine
-proteinuria (mild amounts)= results in low protein in the blood
Why is this an issue? Protein (albumin) is responsible for
retaining water in the capillaries. So, no protein= water leaving
the caps. Clinical Manifestation = edema (specifically around
eyes)
Acute Pancreatitis Correct Answers Sudden inflammation due
to something that has triggered the digestive enzymes to activate
in the pancreas
Commonly caused by gallstones & alcohol abuse
,Pain comes on suddenly and can be spasmatic
-drinking alcohol and eating fatty foods can trigger this
It is reversible if treated properly and quickly
Can lead to chronic pancreatitis
Antibiotics for Bacterial Forms of Pneumonia
"V-arious M-edications F-requently T-reat P-neumonia C-ases"
Correct Answers Drugs used depend on type of bacteria causing
infection
V-vancomycin
M-macrolides
F- Fluroquinolones
T-tetracyclines
P-penicillins
C-cephalosporins
Atelectasis Correct Answers Collapse of alveoli resulting in
reduced gas exchange. Can result from a mass on alveoli or
bronchial obstruction which inhibits full inhalation
Occurs most commonly postoperatively due to sedation.
Sedation causes decreased RR/shallow breathing
To treat, have patients cough and deep breathe to open up
alveoli following surgery
Biliary Colic Correct Answers Spasmodic pain associated with
irritation to gallbladder, generally secondary to gallstones
,Clinical Manifestations:
-steady intense pain
-nausea & vomiting
-sharp RUQ pain upon palpitation of abdomen (Murphy's sign)
-pain radiates to right shoulder or scapula
-fatty foods trigger pain
Cholangitis Correct Answers Inflammation of the cystic duct
caused by gallstones
Inflammation is caused by the enzyme phospholipase released
by the epithelial lining of the gall bladder. This enzyme disrupts
the normal epithelial lining allowing for tissue damaged caused
by the gall stones
Cholecystitis Correct Answers Inflammation of the gallbladder,
usually associated with gallstones
Choledocholithiasis Correct Answers Obstruction of gallstones
in the common bile duct
Bile backs up back into the liver=backup in bloodstream=
hyperbilirubinemia= jaundice
High bilirubin in the blood becomes filtered in the kidneys
causing dark tea colored urine and clay colored stools
Blocks bile from entering the small intestine and restricts break
down of fat. This leads to steatorrhea (fat in stools)
, Can also lead to pancreatitis
Cholelithiasis Correct Answers Formation of gallstones
Motility disturbance= biliary sludge= concentrated bile
composed of bile components, phospholipids and cholesterol.
Biliary Stasis= delayed emptying of the gallbladder leading to
gallstone formation
Chronic Bronchitis Correct Answers "Blue Bloaters"
-Obstruction of airway due to inflammation and excessive
mucous secretion
Clinical manifestations:
-Cyanosis (due to hypoxemia)
- Patient usually overweight
-Peripheral edema
-Rhonchi & wheezing
-Chronic cough
** Depending on severity, CB can provoke right-sided heart
failure. Since RBCs are currently not getting enough oxygen, the
body tries to compensate by producing more RBCs. However,
this can cause pulmonary hypertension= backflow=edema.
Chronic Hypercapnia Correct Answers -Extremely high levels
of CO2 in the bloodstream
-Caused by inadequate ventilation or obstructed gas exchange
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