Exam (elaborations)
Perioperative Nursing Questions with Solutions
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Perioperative Nursing
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Perioperative NursingPreoperative phase - answer begins with decision to have surgery, lasts until patient is
transferred to operating room
Intraoperative phase - answer extends from admission to surgical department to
transfer to recovery room
Postoperative phase - answer lasts from admission to recovery room to complete
recovery from surgery
Elective surgery - answer Procedure preplanned and based on the patient's choice and
availability of scheduling for the patient, surgeon, and facility.
Urgent surgery - answer Must be done within a reasonably short time frame to preserve
health but is not an emergency. (Ex: Amputation)
Major surgery - answer Greater risk for complications that may require hospitalization
Ablative surgery - answer To remove a diseased body part
Palliative surgery - answer To relieve or reduce intensity of an illness, not a cure
Reconstructive surgery - answer To restore function to traumatized or malfunctioning
tissue
To improve self-concept
Transplantation surgery - answer To replace organs or structures that are diseased or
malfunctioning
Constructive surgery - answer To restore function in congenital anomalies
General or systemic anesthesia - answer a balance of
loss of consciousness,
analgesia (pain relief),
relaxation, and
loss of reflexes (temporary paralysis)
Induction Phase of General Anesthesia - answer From administration of anesthesia to
ready for incision
, Maintenance Phase of General Anaesthesia - answerfrom incision to near completion of
procedure
Emergence Phase of General Anesthesia - answerstarts when patient emerges from
anesthesia and is ready to leave operating room
Risks of general anesthesia - answerCirculatory depression
Respiratory depression
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Alterations in thermoregulation
Aspiration
Advantages of general anaesthesia - answerUsed for patients of any age
Used for any surgical procedure with the patient unaware of the physical trauma of the
surgery
Nerve Block - answeraccomplished by injecting a local anesthetic around a nerve trunk
supplying the area of surgery
Spinal Anaesthesia - answerAchieved by injecting a local anesthetic into the
subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture
Causes sensory, motor, and autonomic blockage
Used for surgery of the lower abdomen, perineum legs
Adverse effects of spinal anaesthesia - answerhypotension, headache, urine retention
Caudal anaesthesia - answerInjection of the local anesthetic into the epidural space
through the caudal canal in the sacrum
Epidural Anaesthesia - answerInjection of the anesthetic through the intervertebral
spaces
Topical Anaesthesia - answerUsed on mucous membranes, open skin, wounds, burns
Moderate sedation - answerUsed for short-term procedures and minimally invasive
procedures
Patient maintains ability to keep his airway open and respond appropriately
Administered by a specialized nurse
Must monitor cardiac rate, rhythm, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, level of
consciousness, level of pain, blood pressure, and skin condition
Conscious sedation - answerUsed for short-term procedures; give anti-anxiety
medication and anesthesia
Informed Consent Information - answerDescription of procedure and alternative
therapies
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