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Lecture notes - Physiology and Anatomy (4BBY1060)

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Exam-Focused Content: Emphasizes key points, common exam questions, and important definitions to help you focus your study time effectively. - Easy-to-understand explanations with bullet points, diagrams, and illustrations to simplify complex concepts. - Sections are clearly labeled for quick ...

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  • September 8, 2024
  • 27
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • Barbara webb
  • All classes
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PHYSIOLOGY
AND


ANATOMY

, LIVER

FUNCTIONfrom NUSOID
pres end
>
the
digestive system
-
Detoxifies lipid coluble
easy as ·

low

>
- Metabolises alcohol in blood / peroxisomes ( -
Vessels drain into a central vein
& acetaldehyde acetate ↳
hepatic
Join form R and L
+
to van




OODNESSES Contains :

-




and portal vein supply blood-vessels enter sinusoidon -




Kupfer Cells : Contains macrophages
↓ Aorta the liver
->
things absorbed by intestine liver Derived
to
from monocytes
-> ->


>
-

oxygenated blood metabolic
regulator Cetypes :
-
Allows things to
get to hepatocytes
>
-
Hepatic vein leaves the liver-joins the inferior vena cava (1) Discontinuous endothelium
(2)
Phagocytic Kupfer alls
ISSUES
Soft tissue with very little connective tische Made up of liver alls
HEPATOCYTES
>
- -
->
>

↳ Liver
cannot maintain shape without pressure of other organs


PORTAL "TRIAD"
TE
-Squamous (1) Hepatic artery (brands on
epithelid



micro
(2) Portal vein

(3) Bile duct

binuclei

in Lymphoid tissue -
Bile pole



Hepatocytes




a
*
>
-

regenerate
-ALL
can

BLADDER
>
-
Where bile salts are concentrated -- into ileum

Gall stones when bile is
>
-
:
over concentrated

Ele :
synthesized from cholesterd
-

Absorbed in the terminal part of the iteum

space between
->
Narrow the
-

Break down worn out blood cells

Bile Synthesis :
Albumin hepatocytes and sinusoids
+
>
-
Hepatocyte microvilli
() MACROPHAGE - RBC =-
Here - Biliverin >
- Bilirubin

12) BLOOD -

Albumin released in SOD

(3) HEPATOCYTE -


Bilirubin-Ligand complex to SER

(4) - Binds to bile canaliculus

(5) INTESTINE

, EPITHELIUM And CONNECTIVE TISSUE
ENDOTHELIUM-blood Lymph vessels +



-
EPITHELIA :
Selective barrier that body surfaces lines body cavities and form glands ventrides
covers
ENDOCARDIUM atria

* MESOTHELIUM
,
. -
+




>
-
Cell contact maintained by junctions - lines body cavities (e .

g-pleural


CLASSIFICATION :




SIMPLE-Single layer of cells CUBOIDAL width , depth and height = the same


STRATIFIED-2 +
Layers of cells
COLUMNAR-Height width

SQUAMOUS TRANSITIONAL
-width height Number of layers varies in
enlargement
-



<


PSEUDOSTRATIFIED -



Appears stratified but not all cells reach surface (sit on basal Lamina
/
varies with
distension




#
- sin
due to 1 case
·


e




simple
6




layer
·
-

one



Flattered cellular
·



appearance
·


w > H

Depth
v the same




>
-
Places where rapid defusion is required >
- Secretion and absorption surfaces

ovaries
, alveoli
capillaries thyroid etc...
-
-



...

,




- Multiple Layers basal Lamina

I
:
stratified -
smaller cells near




& systems that come into contact
-


D
WH and generally ↑as
towardsdurface
it

organ moves
cells
with outside ear .
>
- -
smaller than squarious


Originate
>
-
skin respiratory reproductive system from
-


:
, ,




- Flattered appearance bladder uneters and renal
, pelvis
O




-




Appears to be multiple layers
Thin oblong shaped alls
-




,




Top of cell doesn't reach surface Packed together closely
-

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