Pharmacology for Professional Nursing
NUR2474 Final Exam Questions and
Complete Solutions Graded A+
What types of insulins are usually given before meals? - Answer: Regular and Glargine
Why is Glargine (lantus) given at bedtime? - Answer: sugar drops overnight.
What type of insulin is sometimes given at bedtime, has the longest durations of all the insulin, CANNOT
be mixed with other insulins, and for elderly patients is often split into two doses. AM and PM? -
Answer: Insulin Glargine (Lantus)
Why is a nurse concerned for a beta-blocker/insulin combination? - Answer: Beta blcokers can mask
some of the symptoms of hypoglycemia.
What do you asses for in patient's taking beta blockers while on insulin. - Answer: - symptoms of
hypoglycemia
-feeling shaky
-being nervous or anxious
-sweating, chills and clamminess
-irritability or impatience
-confusion
-fast heartbeat
-feeling lightheaded or dizzy
-hunger
-headache
rapid-acting insulins - Answer: Lispro (Humalog)
,Onset of Lispro (rapid-acting) - Answer: less than 15 min
Steps to do after a patient is hypoglycemic? - Answer: 1. check blood sugar
2. give simple carbs
3. if unable to swollow give glucagon
4. for IV access give Dextrose D50W
How does Glipizide work? - Answer: Lowers blood sugar by causing the pancreas to produce insulin,
needed to break down sugar in the body and helping the body use insulin efficiently.
How to diagnose Diabetes type 2? - Answer: - no end organ damage
-less than five years
What classification is Glipizide? - Answer: -anti-diabetic
-oral hypoglycemic
What are the side/adverse effects of Glipizide? - Answer: diarrhea
constipation
headache
hypoglycemia
nausea
vomiting
, upset stomach
loss of appetite
weight gain
Contraindications of Glipizide? - Answer: low blood sugar
piturtary hormone deficiency
Addison's disease
hepatic porphyria
hemolytic anemia
alcoholic
drug-drug interactionsof Glipizide? - Answer: allergy to sulfa
drug-food interactions of Glipizide? - Answer: take with breakfast
How does Metformin work? - Answer: reducing the amount of sugar the liver releases into the blood
makes the body respond better to insulin
What classifications is Metformin? - Answer: anti-diabetic
oral hypoglycemia
WHat are the side/adverse effects of Metformin? - Answer: hypoglycemia
can be harsh on kidneys
Contraindications of Metformin? - Answer: Kidney disease
heart attack
stroke
diabetic ketoacidosis
coma
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