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EEOB 4550 final Exam 2| questions with 100% Correct Answers ( A Graded)
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EEOB 4550 final Exam 2| questionswith 100% Correct Answers ( A
Graded)
how does the cochlea transduce sounds?
(bat sonar) - ANSWER - high frequencies excite the basal part of the basilar membrane -
lower frequencies excite the basilar membrane more towards its apex (distal) end
place code
(bat sonar) - ANSWER information about frequency is given by the place of origin of the
neuron conveying the information
amplitude
(bat sonar) - ANSWER encoded by the rate of firing of neurons that come from the
basilar membrane
- coded using rate code
time of occurrence of sounds is encoded simply by the...
(bat sonar) - ANSWER pattern of neural activity coming from the cochlea, which
mimics the pattern of the sound
bats can only tell the size of the object by producing...
(bat sonar) - ANSWER an FM sound
to tell the relative velocity from Doppler shift of echo
requires (bat sonar) - ANSWER CF components
Azimuth (horizontal direction) is determined by....
,(bat sonar) - ANSWER interaural differences in time of echo arrival and small
differences in sound intensity at particular frequencies
the small differences in frequency receptivity arise because....
(bat sonar) - ANSWER the pinnae (outer ears) point in different directions
pinnae
(bat sonar) - ANSWER - guide the sound to the tympanum
- are not equally receptive to sounds from different directions
elevation (vertical direction) is determined in some bats by....
(bat sonar) - ANSWER - moving their ears and comparing amplitudes of echoes
- some also analyze the interference pattern imposed on echo by reflection(s)
between pinna and tragus as the sound enters the ear canal
quality factor (Q) - ANSWER - if Q is high, the filter is very narrow, meaning it passes
through or fires in response to only those frequencies lying in a very narrow
frequency band
- if Q is low, the filter is less selective, so it passes through or fires in response
to frequencies lying in a wider frequency band
clutter
(bat sonars) - ANSWER echoes coming back from things that the bat isn't all
that interested in
Because M-bats use Doppler-shift compensation and have a hearing system designed
to detect target motion from the doppler shift of the echo... - ANSWER M-bats can
detect motion that does not match the background "motion". Thus, they can pick out
targets moving relative to the background in a cluttered environment
, FM bats have difficulty hunting in clutter, because, although they can detect objects like
leaves or cave walls and can easily avoid them.... - ANSWER -it's hard for them to
detect an insect sitting on a leaf or on a tree trunk
- can't detect change in echo frequency due to insect rather than leaf
echoes are doppler shifted when ... - ANSWER the bat is moving with respect to the
target
if the bat is approaching an object... - ANSWER the doppler shift is upward
(toward higher frequencies)
M-bats have both a ________ frequency and a _________ frequency - ANSWER
resting and frequency
resting frequency - ANSWER at the lower boundary of the CF2 region
reference frequency - ANSWER more in the middle of the CF2 region
if echoes come back above the reference frequency.... - ANSWER the bat lowers the
frequency of its outgoing sound so that echoes return near the reference frequency
DSCF - ANSWER Doppler Shift Constant Frequency
Doppler Shift Constant Frequency (DSCF) - ANSWER - sits in the middle of the
tonotropic map of frequencies
- maps both the frequencies near the CF2 and their amplitudes
the DSCF area seems to be important in the...., because... - ANSWER accuracy and
speed of doppler shift compensation, because a lesion of this area reduced both of
these, but it did not totally eliminate the bat's ability to doppler compensate
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