ELNEC Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers| Already Passed
What is important to always remember regarding dyspnea? - ✔✔the patient does NOT have to
be hypoxic or tachypneic
If a patient complains of dyspnea, what should the clinical assessment consist of? - ✔✔physical exam
- breath sounds and work of breathing; assess effect on functional status - sleep, dressing on own,
talking, eating?; diagnostic test; assess patient experience; assess underlying cause
What is the purpose of diagnostic tests in assessment of dyspnea? - ✔✔is the test useful in treating
underlying cause
What is common for the patient to report in their experience with dyspnea? - ✔✔fear, depression,
air hunger, being worried, suffocation, chocking
What are common underlying causes of dyspnea? - ✔✔anxiety, financial issues, spiritual,
anticipatory grief
How is dyspnea tx? - ✔✔symptoms and underlying cause tx!
What pharmacologic tx is first line to tx dyspnea? - ✔✔opioids - morphone d/t reducing
inappropriate tachypnea
What other pharmacologic therapies may be used to tx dyspnea? - ✔✔anxiolytics,
benzodiazepines, midazolam, dexamethasone
, What are non-pharmacologic tx for dyspnea? - ✔✔noninvasive support with O2/PEEP if
hypoxic, counseling, pursed lip breathing, energy conservation, fans/elevation, positioning
What is the issue with coughing? - ✔✔it is frustrating and debilitating; may cause pain,
fatigue, vomiting, insomnia; constant reminder of disease
How is coughing tx in end of life care? - ✔✔opioids, dextromethorphan, benzoate
What is anorexia? - ✔✔loss of appetite, usually with decreased intake
What is cachexia? - ✔✔lack of nutrition and wasting of muscle tissue and adipose occurs
frequently with chronic illness. This occurs in more than 80% of clients with cancer
What is the number one reason for family meetings? - ✔✔anorexia/cachexia
What are interventions for anorexia & cachexia for those who have appetite and want to eat? -
✔✔*eating for pleasure should always be goal*, eat favorite foods/easy to chew, eliminate
dietary restrictions, high calorie foods in small frequent meals
What are interventions for those experiencing anorexia and cachexia and having trouble eating? -
✔✔dietary consults - educate family, explain calorie inc does not mean wt gain; medications -
appetite stimulants; may need artificial nutrition
Aggressive nutritional tx __________ improve survival or QOL. - ✔✔doesn't
What is an issue with aggressive nutritional tx? - ✔✔can create more discomfort for pt
What can artificial nutrition lead to? - ✔✔N/V/D, can provide false sense of hope
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