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AVCA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AVCA EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
What part of the equine TL anatomy allows a horse to easily sustain a rider on its
back? - Answer T18 Vertebra
T/F: Intertransverse joints exist in the horse between L5 and L6, as well as between
L6 and the sacrum. They can also be spotted between L4 and L5. ANSWER: True
T/F: Dogs' lumbar vertebral bodies are smaller than those of humans of comparable
size because they have fewer muscles linked to them. - Answer: False
T/F: The head of each rib articulates with both the thoracic vertebra of the same
number and the vertebra cranial to it. - The answer is true.
T/F: The mamillary process, a segmental contact site for specific chiropractic
adjustments, is exclusively found on the lumbar vertebrae. - Answer: False (Also
seen in the lower thorax)
T/F: The Iliopsoas muscle is an epaxial muscle that is commonly injured in agility
dogs who hyperextend their pelvic limbs. - The answer is true.
Moving from medial to lateral, name the three epaxial muscle systems.
Transversospinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
The spine's most movable location is the ____________ junction. - ANSWER
Thoracolumbar
The stiff bow component in the "bow and string model" is provided by the
______________, specifically the vertebra and common ligaments.
, The string component is made up of the ____________ muscles. - Answer: epaxial,
longus coli, psoas, and abdominal.
Increased tension in the string results in kyphosis. - ANSWER Increases (arches
back)
Decreased tension in the string results in decreased kyphosis and greater lordosis. -
Answer diminishes (sways back)
The movement direction of the vertebral motor units is governed by the disc plane
and facet angles.
Each motor unit, like a link in a chain, has a modest range of motion, but all units
contribute to a total range of motion. What two factors should chiropractors be
most concerned about? - ANSWER Subluxation
Compensatory fixation.
ANSWER Cerebrospinal fluid and respiration are particularly crucial activities for
vertebral segments, which move slightly even at rest.
Flexion extension movements are best defined as follows: - ANSWER X Axis
The majority of flexion-extension movement in the spine occurs at: - ANSWER:
Cervicothoracic juncture.
The lumbosacral junction
Axial rotational movement happens around the - ANSWER y axis.
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