Study Guide 15. Post-Perioperative
Nursing Op-Pre-Op
Perioperative Nursing Overview - answer• A clinical specialty, referring to the role of
the nurse during three stages of the client's surgical experience:
• Preoperative (before surgery)
• Intraoperative (during surgery)
• Postoperative (after surgery) phases of the client's surgical experience.
Types of Surgery
Categorization - answer• Purpose - Diagnostic, ablative, palliative, reconstructive,
transplant
• Degree of Urgency - urgency/necessity to preserve a client's life, body part or
function
• Degree of seriousness/risk - minor or major according to seriousness/risk to the client
Surgery Purpose - Diagnostic - answer• Confirm/establish a diagnosis
Surgery Purpose - Ablative - answer• Excise/remove a diseased body part
Surgery Purpose - Palliative - answer• Reduce pain or intensity of symptoms; it does not
cure
Surgery Purpose - Reconstructive - answer• Restores appearance or function to
traumatized or malfunctioning tissues
Surgery Purpose - Transplant - answer• Replaces malfunctioning structures or organs
3 Degrees of Urgency - answer• Elective surgery is performed when surgery is the
preferred treatment and may improve the client's life, but is not essential for the
person's health
• Urgent surgery is necessary for the client's health and may prevent complications from
developing
• Emergency surgery must be done immediately to save the client's life or preserve
function of a body part
Degree of Seriousness-Risk - answer• Surgery is classified according to the degree of
risk to the client
• Usually determined by the client's age, nutritional status, general health, use of
medications, and mental status
, • Major surgery involves a high degree of risk and or involves extensive reconstruction
or alteration of body parts
• Minor surgery involves minimal risk and minimal alteration of body parts
Preoperative Care Assessment - History - answerShould include:
• Current health status
• Allergies
• Current medications
• Medical history
• Previous surgeries
• Understanding and expectations of the surgery
• Use of alcohol, caffeine, or other drugs
• Family and social support
• Occupation
• Emotional health Status
Preoperative Care Assessment - Physical - answer• Is brief but complete, and focuses
on systems that could affect the client's response to the surgery or to anesthesia.
• Data from the physical exam provide an important baseline for comparison during and
after surgery.
• Vital signs
• Head and Neck
• Skin Turgor
• Thorax and Lung
• Heart and vascular
• Abdomen
• Neurological status
Preoperative Screening Tests - answer• Complete Blood Count (CBC)
• Serum Electrolyte Analysis
• Coagulation Study (Prothrombin Time, Partial Thromboplastin Time, Platelet Count)
• Serum Creatinine Test And Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
• Urinalysis
• Chest X-ray.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Blood Typing And Cross Matching
• Fasting Blood Glucose
Physical Preparation for Surgery - answer• Adequate Nutrition and Hydration
• Normal Elimination
• Adequate Rest and Sleep
• Clean
Nursing Op-Pre-Op
Perioperative Nursing Overview - answer• A clinical specialty, referring to the role of
the nurse during three stages of the client's surgical experience:
• Preoperative (before surgery)
• Intraoperative (during surgery)
• Postoperative (after surgery) phases of the client's surgical experience.
Types of Surgery
Categorization - answer• Purpose - Diagnostic, ablative, palliative, reconstructive,
transplant
• Degree of Urgency - urgency/necessity to preserve a client's life, body part or
function
• Degree of seriousness/risk - minor or major according to seriousness/risk to the client
Surgery Purpose - Diagnostic - answer• Confirm/establish a diagnosis
Surgery Purpose - Ablative - answer• Excise/remove a diseased body part
Surgery Purpose - Palliative - answer• Reduce pain or intensity of symptoms; it does not
cure
Surgery Purpose - Reconstructive - answer• Restores appearance or function to
traumatized or malfunctioning tissues
Surgery Purpose - Transplant - answer• Replaces malfunctioning structures or organs
3 Degrees of Urgency - answer• Elective surgery is performed when surgery is the
preferred treatment and may improve the client's life, but is not essential for the
person's health
• Urgent surgery is necessary for the client's health and may prevent complications from
developing
• Emergency surgery must be done immediately to save the client's life or preserve
function of a body part
Degree of Seriousness-Risk - answer• Surgery is classified according to the degree of
risk to the client
• Usually determined by the client's age, nutritional status, general health, use of
medications, and mental status
, • Major surgery involves a high degree of risk and or involves extensive reconstruction
or alteration of body parts
• Minor surgery involves minimal risk and minimal alteration of body parts
Preoperative Care Assessment - History - answerShould include:
• Current health status
• Allergies
• Current medications
• Medical history
• Previous surgeries
• Understanding and expectations of the surgery
• Use of alcohol, caffeine, or other drugs
• Family and social support
• Occupation
• Emotional health Status
Preoperative Care Assessment - Physical - answer• Is brief but complete, and focuses
on systems that could affect the client's response to the surgery or to anesthesia.
• Data from the physical exam provide an important baseline for comparison during and
after surgery.
• Vital signs
• Head and Neck
• Skin Turgor
• Thorax and Lung
• Heart and vascular
• Abdomen
• Neurological status
Preoperative Screening Tests - answer• Complete Blood Count (CBC)
• Serum Electrolyte Analysis
• Coagulation Study (Prothrombin Time, Partial Thromboplastin Time, Platelet Count)
• Serum Creatinine Test And Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
• Urinalysis
• Chest X-ray.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Blood Typing And Cross Matching
• Fasting Blood Glucose
Physical Preparation for Surgery - answer• Adequate Nutrition and Hydration
• Normal Elimination
• Adequate Rest and Sleep
• Clean
