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UGA HISTORY EXEMPTION EXAM: POST 1877
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UGA HISTORY EXEMPTION EXAM: POST 1877
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UGA HISTORY EXEMPTION EXAM: POST 1877Robert Smalls - Answers -Enslaved African American who, during and after the
American Civil War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician; freed himself, his
crew and their families from slavery on May 13, 1862, by commandeering a
Confederate transport ship, the CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, and sailing it to
freedom beyond the blockade
Helped convince Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army
Ten Percent Plan - Answers -Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its
own government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United
States
Meant to shorten the war
Hoped to weaken the southern cause by making it easy for disillusioned or lukewarm
confederates to switch sides
Hoped to further his emancipation proclamation by insisting that the new governments
abolish slavery
John D. Rockefeller - Answers -Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest,
wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
Bureau of Indian Affairs - Answers -A government agency created in the 1800s to
oversee federal policy toward Native Americans
"kill the Indian, save the man"
New Immigration (1880-1920) - Answers -By the 1890s, over half of the 3.5 million
immigrants who came to our shores came from southern and eastern Europe, in
particular Italy and the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires
More likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or catholic
While almost all of them were looking for work, many were also escaping political or
religious persecution
Immigration Restriction League - Answers -Founded in 1894 in Boston and lobbied for
national legislation that would limit the numbers of immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act - Answers -(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to
enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
,Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) - Answers -Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San
Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries;
established principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth
Amendment applied to all Americans, not just former slaves
At its peak between 1901 and the outbreak of WWI in 1914, ___________________
immigrants came to the United States - Answers -13 Million
Urban Political Machines - Answers -Urban political machines sought to control political
power in major cities
Radical Republicans - Answers -After the Civil War, a group that believed the South
should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate
towards the South
Favored protection for black rights (especially black, male suffrage)
Wade-Davis Bill - Answers -Legislation requiring 50% of the voters to take an oath of
future loyalty before the restoration process could begin
Once they took the oath, those who could wear they had never willingly supported the
confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a constitutional convention
Passed after congress refused to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments
Railroads were the first - Answers -Modern corporation
Cornelius Vanderbilt - Answers -A railroad owner who built a railway connecting
Chicago and New York
He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and
more economical.
They were often effective in providing their constituents with certain needs, but they
were very corrupt.
J.P. Morgan - Answers -Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S.
Steel
Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed
back
Was one of the "Robber barons"
Haymarket Riot (1886) - Answers -The riot took place in Chicago between rioters and
the police
, It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens
The riot was suppressed, and in addition with the damaged reputation of unions, it also
killed the Knights of Labor, who were seen as anarchists.
American Federation of Labor - Answers -1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought
better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with
the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Vertical Integration - Answers -Practice where a single entity controls the entire process
of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Example: Phillip Armour's meat company
Horizontal Integration - Answers -Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved
in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level
Example: Rockefeller
Dawes Act of 1887 - Answers -Tried to civilize Indians and make them more little
settlers by giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture
General Philip Sheridan - Answers -ordered by Grant to wage total war in Shenandoah
Valley in Virginia.
He burned and destroyed all farmland, animals and food
The Ghost Dance Movement - Answers -The last effort of Native Americans to resist US
domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious
movement.
Little Big Horn - Answers -General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of
Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Geronimo - Answers -Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest
as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance - Answers -Grassroots movements that
attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate
railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement.
The People's Party (Populists) - Answers -In 1892 held a convention in Omaha and put
forth a remarkably reform minded plan
The sub-treasury plan
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