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TAMU BIOL 319 TEST 2 COHN FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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TAMU BIOL 319 TEST 2 COHN FINALQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a sessamoid bone? - CORRECT ANSWER-A bone
that grows with and within a tendon
What type of bone is the patella? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sessamoid
What are the two major functions of ligaments? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- Connect bone to bone
- Hold organs together
In the womb, the early skeletal system comes from
__________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Embryonic mesenchyme
At what age does the fetal skeleton begin to ossify? -
CORRECT ANSWER-8-12 weeks
Define: Osteoprogenitor cells - CORRECT ANSWER-- Bone
stem cells
- Come from periosteum
- Give way to osteoblasts
What type of division do osteoprogenitor cells undergo to
become osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitosis
Define: Periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER-Dense connective
tissue covering all living bones
What two major structural functions does the periosteum
serve? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Allow attachment point for
tendons
,- Provide scaffolding for vasculature
"Bruised bones" is damage to which structure(s)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Periosteum
Define: Osteoblasts - CORRECT ANSWER-- Come from
osteoprogenitor cells
- Secrete collagen and organic matrix to thicken bone
- Give rise to osteocytes
Through what process does an osteoblast become an
osteocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-An osteoblast sinks down
into extracellular matrix where it becomes encased in its own
lacuna
Define: Osteocyte - CORRECT ANSWER-- Former osteoblast
- Maintains bone in its immediate vicinity
Where do osteoclasts come from? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Bone marrow: when blood cells fuse osteoclasts result
Define: Osteoclast - CORRECT ANSWER-- From bone marrow
- Multinuclated
- Destroy bone by secreting HCl
- Destroys collagen/organic matrix by secreting enzymes
What cell is primarily responsible for releasing Ca^2+ and
PO4^3- into the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osteoclast
Where do osteoclasts collect? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Periosteum and endosteum
Where is long bone growth most highly concentrated? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Epiphyseal plate
What type of cells undergo division to make new cartilage in the
epiphyseal plate? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chondrocytes
, Define: Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitotic growth of
tissue
How do chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergo
apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcification
What is the net result of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate
undergoing calcification? - CORRECT ANSWER-Provide
material to build new bone for lengthening long bones
Growth occurs in what direction at the epiphyseal plate? -
CORRECT ANSWER-From epiphysis to diaphysis
Once calcified chondrocytes reach the diaphysis what happens
to them? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osteoclasts dissolve them
and osteoblasts use the dissolved material to form new bone
matrix
What are the other names for spongy bone? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- Trabecular bone
- Cancellous bone
What type of cartilage covers the joint portion of bones? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Articular (hyaline) cartilage
T/F: Spongy bone contains air spaces between struts and
beams. - CORRECT ANSWER-True
What comprises diploë? - CORRECT ANSWER-Spongy bone
and red bone marrow
Red marrow is primarily found in _________ while yellow
marrow is primarily found in ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Juveniles; adults
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