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Exam (elaborations)

NUR 425 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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  • Course
  • NUR 425
  • Institution
  • NUR 425

Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) what is the purpose of the respiratory system? Nasal cavity and pharynx Conducts, warms, filters, and humidifies air 2 components and purpose of the upper airway Larynx, glottis, trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi (when trachea branches at angle of louis, bifu...

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  • September 9, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 425
  • NUR 425
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twishfrancis
NUR 425 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) ✅what is the purpose of the respiratory system?

Nasal cavity and pharynx

Conducts, warms, filters, and humidifies air ✅2 components and purpose of the upper
airway

Larynx, glottis, trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi (when trachea branches at
angle of louis, bifurcation = carina)

Trachea further warms, humidifies, filters + cilia propel mucous ✅4 components of the
lower airway and purpose of the trachea

Carina ✅when trachea bifurcates at the the angle of louis, trigger coughing when this
spot is hit

Work of breathing

(increased work of breathing = increased energy needed = increased oxygen needed)
✅what is respiratory effort referred to as?

Ventilation ✅what is mechanical movement of CO2 and O2 gases in and out of the
alveoli within the lung during breathing referred to as?

Diffusion ✅CO2 and O2 exchange at capillary level, driven by perfusion gradients

Perfusion ✅blood flow reaching alveoli and other tissues in the body

Resistance ✅anything opposing flow of gas (length, diameter of airway, flow rate)

Alveolus ✅Gas exchange in the lung occurs across the ____________ membrane
where O2 and CO2 diffuse across it in 0.25 seconds.

Ventilation has to do with physical strength and movements of muscle movements
around the lungs and the brain's ability to stimulate breathing

Oxygenation has to do with physiological problems with alveoli, arteries, veins, or
capillaries in gas exchange ✅what is the difference between ventilation and
oxygenation?

, Hemoglobin ✅what does oxygen bind to in the blood?

1. Hypoventilation (not breathing in enough leads to bot getting enough O2 to begin
with, low O2 coming in, low O2 diffused into the blood) ex. RR of 6 breaths/min
2. V/Q mismatch (ventilation not matching perfusion, ventilation but no perfusion "dead
space", intrapulmonary shunting causing deoxygenated blood to return to the L side of
the heart causing hypoxemia, perfusion but no ventilation "shunt") ex. Pulmonary
edema, PE
3. Diffuse limitation (gas movement from area of high to low concentration, diffusion
defect due to increased interstitial fluid impairs ability of O2 to diffuse over alveolar-
capillary membrane, hypercapnia is a late sign of diffusion defect) ex. Fibrosis,
interstitial edema
4. Low cardiac output ex. CHF
5. Low hemoglobin level ex. GI bleed
6. Tissue hypoxia (some conditions prevent tissues from using O2 despite availability
ex. Cyanide or carbon monoxide poisoning ✅6 issues that can lead to the failure of
oxygenation

Shunting ✅perfusion is good and flowing, but there is no gas exchange in V/Q
mismatch

Ventilation ✅what does the "V" stand for in V/Q mismatch

Perfusion ✅what does the "Q" stand for in V/Q mismatch

Hypercapnia ✅late sign of a diffusion defect that can lead to failure of oxygenation

No, it occurs due to a disease but it is not a disease itself

Ventilation problem - causes difficulty moving their lungs (get O2 in and CO2 out)

Oxygenation problem - can't get oxygen from the alveolus into the blood stream

May occur secondary to ARDS, COPD, asthma, pneumonia, or VAP ✅is respiratory
failure a disease?

1. Pao2 </= 60 mmhg when receiving a fio2 >/= 60% (hypoxemia)
2. Paco2 > 45 mmhg
3. Ph </= 7.35 (hypercapnia has caused acidosis ✅3 ABG values that indicate
respiratory failure

1. Failure of ventilation - difficulty moving their lungs (get O2 in and CO2 out)
2. Failure of oxygenation - can't get oxygen from the alveolus into the blood stream
3. Failure of both oxygenation and ventilation ✅3 Classifications of respiratory failure

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