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Artemisia annua - PART USED: leaf ACTIONS: antiparasitic, antineoplastic INDICATIONS: malaria, parasitic infections, cancer CONTRAINDICATIONS: pregnancy and lactation (possibly) TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: safe, may cause nausea SPECIAL NOTES: high doses of sesquiterpene lactones are neurotoxins. ...

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  • September 9, 2024
  • 68
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • botanical medicine nplex ii

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  • Botanical Medicine - NPLEX II
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Botanical Medicine - NPLEX II
Artemisia annua - PART USED: leaf



ACTIONS: antiparasitic, antineoplastic



INDICATIONS: malaria, parasitic infections, cancer



CONTRAINDICATIONS: pregnancy and lactation (possibly)



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: safe, may cause nausea



SPECIAL NOTES: high doses of sesquiterpene lactones are neurotoxins.



Althea officinalis - PART USED: leaf or root (Marshmallow)



ACTIONS: GI demulcent, reflex demulcent in lungs and UT



INDICATIONS: gastritis, PUD, IC, lower UTI, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, dry cough



CONTRAINDICATIONS: wet cough



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: none



SPECIAL NOTES: may reduce absorption of other drugs



Achillea millefolium - PART USED: herb

,ACTIONS: bitter, styptic, inflammation modulating, vulnerary, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, antispasmodic



INDICATIONS: wounds/ulcers; hemorrhage (eg. menorrhagia); digestive tonic/carminative; fever



CONTRAINDICATIONS: peptic ulcers, gastritis, GERD, biliary obstruction, cholelithiasis, acute diarrhea,
pregnancy



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: nausea



SPECIAL NOTES: increases gut motility



Aconitum napellus - PART USED: root



ACTIONS: anodyne, antineuralgic



INDICATIONS: neuralgia, acute pain (eg. ovarian cyst)



CONTRAINDICATIONS: pregnancy, lactation, high doses



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: n/v, HA, miosis, hypotension, chest pain, chills, pallor, collapse, dyspnea, V-fib



SPECIAL NOTES: highly toxic (potentially lethal)



Actea racemosa (Cimicifuga racemosa) - PART USED: root



ACTIONS: uterine tonic, serotonergic, parturifacient, antirheumatic, spasmolytic



INDICATIONS: dysmenorrhea, infertility (fem), menopausal sxs, PMS, threatened miscarriage, premature
labor, myalgia, osteoarthritis, rheumatism, RA, depression (menopausal)

,CONTRAINDICATIONS: early pregnancy



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: rarely nausea



Aesculus hippocastanum - PART USED: fruit (Horse Chestnut)



ACTIONS: venotonic, inflammation modulating



INDICATIONS: bruises (topical), edema, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, chronic venous
insufficiency, chronic prostatitis



CONTRAINDICATIONS: high doses



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: occasional nausea



SPECIAL NOTES: unprocessed fruit is highly toxic; IM aescin not a good idea



Allium cepa

Allium sativum - PART USED: bulb



ACTIONS: anti-atherosclerotic, hypolipidemic, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti H pylori,
possibly immunomodulating, antihelminthic (garlic)



INDICATIONS: dyslipidemia, ischemic conditions, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulative states, angina,
impotence, HTN (mild), DM, insufficient lactation, candidiasis, gastroenteritis, intestinal parasites, H.
pylori, infections in general; topical for fungus, warts, otitis media, infectious vaginitis



CONTRAINDICATIONS: excessive bleeding, thyroid disease (high doses), allergy to garlic

, TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: bleeding at excessive doses



SPECIAL NOTES: inhibits breakdown of insulin and hypoglycemic drugs



Aloe vera (gel) - PART USED: gel



ACTIONS: inflammation modulating, immunomodulating, vulnerary, demulcent



INDICATIONS:

- topical (burns, frostbite, wounds, skin ulcer)

- internal (gastritis, IBD, PUD, interstitial/infectious cystitis)



CONTRAINDICATIONS: third-degree burns, deep wounds, infected wounds



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: diarrhea/cramping



SPECIAL NOTES: may reduce absorption of other drugs



Aloe vera (latex) - PART USED: latex



ACTIONS: cathartic laxative (anthraquinone glycosides)



INDICATIONS: short term use for atonic constipation when other measures fail



CONTRAINDICATIONS: >10 consecutive days of use; bulimia; acute intestinal inflammation; obstruction;
spastic constipation; children under 12; pregnancy/lactation



TOXICITY/SIDE EFFECTS: colic, pseudomelanosis coli, reddish discoloration of urine/stool, abuse ->
electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction, miscarriage; decreased absorption
of other drugs

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