NUR 114- Perfusion Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Module
NUR 114
Institution
NUR 114
What is Atherosclerosis? >abnormal accumulation of lipid, fatty substances, and fibrous tissues in the lining of the arterial blood vessel walls
What are manifestations of Atherosclerosis? >depends on location ands severity -ischemia -angina pectoris -permanent damge can occur in prolonged i...
NUR 114- Perfusion Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
What is Atherosclerosis? ✅>abnormal accumulation of lipid, fatty substances, and
fibrous tissues in the lining of the arterial blood vessel walls
What are manifestations of Atherosclerosis? ✅>depends on location ands severity
-ischemia
-angina pectoris
-permanent damge can occur in prolonged ischemia
-scar tissue forms as cells degenerate which complicates the build up
What are manifestation of Atherosclerosis? ✅>chest pain
>epigastric pain
>pain that radiates to arm or jaw
>atypical or vague symptoms in women
>prodromal symptoms
What are risk non-modifiable factors for Atherosclerosis? ✅>FAM Hx
>Increasing age
>Gender
>race
What are modifiable factors for atherosclerosis? ✅>Hyperlipidemia
>Tobacco use
>hypertension
>diabetes
>metabolic syndrome
>obesity
>physical inactivity
How can you prevent Atherosclerosis? ✅>control cholesterol
-increased HDL
<above 40M/above 50F
-Total=200mg/dl
-decrease LDL
<less than 100/70 for high-risk
-triglyceride<150
How can you prevent atherosclerosis? ✅>Diet
-low sat. fat
-high soluble fiber
>weight loss
What are some cholesterol lowering MEDS? ✅>HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
-(statins)
>nicotinic acids
>fibric acids (fibrates)
>bile acid sequestrants
>cholesterol absorption inhibitors
>omega-3-acid ethyl esthers
How do you assess for angina pectoris? ✅>12-lead EKG
-T wave inversion/S-T elevation
>continuous telemetry monitoring
>Hx
>lab studies
-cardiac markers
<CK, CK isoenzymes, Troponin
-electrolytes, basic or complete
-clotting studies
-CBC
>echocardiogram
How do you manage angina? ✅>Decrease O2 demand
>Increase O2 supply
How do you manage angina c MEDS? ✅>Nitrates
>Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents
>Calcium Ion Agonists
>Antiplatelet MEDs
>Anticoagulants
>O2
>Opioid pain MEDS
What are Nursing Diagnoses for Agina? ✅>risk for decreased cardiac perfusion
>Anxiety related to cardiac symptoms and possible death
>Deficient knowledge about underlying disease and methods for avoiding complications
>Noncompliance, ineffective management of therapeutic regimen related to failure to
accept necessary life-style changes
What are nursing interventions for agina? ✅>Treating angina
>Preventing pain
>Promoting home and community based care
>Evaluation of outcomes
, What is Acute Coronary Syndrome? ✅>acute on set of myocardial ischemia
-coronary occlusion
-heart attack
-MI
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome? ✅>unstable angina
>NSTEMI
>ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
What is Myocardial Infarction? ✅>plaque rupture/lesion formation=blockage
>necrosis to cardiac tissue
>O2 demand>O2 supply
>develop over min.-hrs.
What are clinical manifestation of MI? ✅>chest pain despite rest/MEDS
>SOB
>indigestion
>nausea
>anxiety
>cool, moist, pale skin
>may be in any combo.
>may be generalized or vague`
What are diagnostic findings of MI? ✅>presenting symptoms, lab test, 12-lead EKG
>prognosis depends on severity and length
>Hx
What is the EKG reading of and MI? ✅>ST elevation in leads determine location of MI
>T wave may be inverted
>Development of Q wave - permanent when it develops
-Diagnosis
<Unstable angina: clinical evidence but no evidence on EKG or cardiac biomarkers
<STEMI: EKG evidence of MI with changes in 2 contiguous leads; significant damage
to myocardium
<NSTEMI: elevated cardiac biomarkers (troponin) but no definite EKG evidence of
acute MI
-Recovery: ST segment returns to normal.
What labs do you gather for a supposed MI? ✅>Troponin=elevated
>Cretine Kinase and Isoenzymes
-increased within hrs./peaks @ 24
>Myoglobin
-increase in 1-3 hrs/peaks @ 12
-(-) results can rule out MI
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