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Straighterline CHEM101 Final Questions and Answers
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Straighterline CHEM101 Final
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Straighterline CHEM101 FinalMass Number - answer total number of neutrons and protons in an atom; # protons + #
electrons
p - answer Most nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core - answer Ernest Rutherford disproved
J.J. Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium - answer Plants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal, preventing
most of it from being washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 - answer What is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu - answer What is Avogadro's number?
Mg - answerWhat is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) - answerWhich arrangement accurately describes the standard entropy
values at different phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons - answerWhat are the most stable isotopes?
S = oxidized
N = reduced - answerWhat element has been oxidized and what element has been
reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles - answerHow do you convert
from moles to grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole - answerHow do
you convert from grams to moles?
Mass - answermeasure of the amount of matter
,Compound - answermade from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded;
cannot be separated into simpler substances by any physical process; can be
separated by a chemical reaction
Solid - answerDefinite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid - answerDefinite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each
other
Gas - answerNo definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property - answerColor, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property - answerObserved by performing a chemical change
Mixture - answerCombination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity of
compounds
Pure Substance - answerfixed composition and differs from a mixture (every sample
has same properties and composition)
Polyatomic Ion - answermolecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions - answeratoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation - answerpositive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion - answernegative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope - answeratom of an element that has a different mass because of a different
number of neutrons, but same atomic number
Atomic Number - answertotal number of protons in an atom; also indicates number of
electrons
, Catalyst - answeradditional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a lower
activation energy
Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst - answerWhat 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction - answerA reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction - answerA reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles - answerHow many particles/atoms/molecules are in a mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid - answerSurface area impacts rate of
reaction how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy &
proper orientation - answerConcentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions -
answerTemperature impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law - answerpressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law - answerVolume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure remains
the same
V/T = constant or V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro's Law - answervolume increases with number increases
v/n
Guy-Lussac's Law - answerincrease in temperature & increase in pressure
p/T = constant or p1/T1 = p2/T2
Ideal Gas Law - answerPV = nRT
when 3 variables are given in an question - answerWhen do you use the Ideal gas law?
- reacting particles must collide
- collisions have proper orientation
- particles must have a strong enough energy to collide - answerName three ways
reactions occur?
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