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Pmcol 305 Opioids Exam Latest Update
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Pmcol 305 Opioids Exam LatestUpdate
Medical uses for opioids - Answer Safe and effective as Anti-nociceptive when used
right
What with opioids is lethal - Answer Sedatives
Nalaxone mechanism of action - Answer Opioid receptor antagonist, prevent OD
Methadone mechanism of action - Answer Partial agonist of mu opioid receptors, slows
effects
Who are the first responders to opioid OD - Answer Firefighters and EMS
3 Types of Opioids - Answer natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic
Examples of natural opioids - Answer Opium (alkaloid-laden latex mixture), Codeine and
morphine
examples of semi-synthetic opioids (7) - Answer Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, Krokodil,
Heroin, Buprenophine, Etorphine
Examples of synthetic opioids (4) - Answer methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, tramadol
What is composition of Opium - Answer -Narcotic and non-narcotic alkaloids
-Major narcotic is morphine (10%) and codeine (0.5%)
How many times more potent is morphine compared to opium - Answer 10x
What enzyme converts codeine to morphine? Where? - Answer CYP2D6, brain and liver
What percent of Caucasians have deficiency in CYP2D6? Effects? - Answer 10%,
Codeine has no effect
What percent of population has overactive CYP2D6? Effects? - Answer 2%, Morphine
intoxication
What does semi-synthetic mean - Answer Made from modifying natural chemical
Why is heroin more lipophilic? by how much? - Answer 2 Additional acetyl groups, 10x
When was naloxone synthesized - Answer 1960s
Who found opioid receptors in brain? - Answer Candace Pert and Sol Snyder
, 4 Classes of opioid receptors - Answer Mu, Delta, Kappa, ORL-1 (Orphan)
Where are opioid receptors found - Answer Pre-synaptic-Modulate NT release
Post-synaptic- Alter membrane potential
How to see if receptor is present? - Answer Radioligand
How many endogenous ligands for opioid receptors - Answer 18, peptide ligands
What are endogenous opioids roles? - Answer Pain
Emotional Response
Euphoria
Eating
Memory
Stress
Seizure
Alcohol dependence
Where is the mu opioid receptor expressed - Answer VTA
NAc
PAG (periaquductal gray)
Hypothalamus
LC
Brainstem
Pupils
GI tract
mu opioids are involved in - Answer Reward
Analgesia
Respiration
BP
Nausea
Itch
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