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PCC EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PCC EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PCC EXAM 1QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What type of authority regulates the practice of nursing?
A) International standards and codes
B) Federal guidelines and regulations
C) State nurse practice acts
D) Institutional policies - Answers -C. State nurse practice acts
Which of the following nursing advocates elevated the status of nursing to a respected
occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing
education?
a. Jane Addams
b. Clara Barton
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Florence Nightingale - Answers -D. Florence Nightingale
Who established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?
a. Clara Barton
b. Dorothea Dix
c. Jane Addams
d. Florence Nightingale - Answers -A. Clara Barton
5 stages of infection: - Answers --Incubation
-Prodromal (not in all infections)
-Illness
-Decline
, -Convalescence
Incubation stage of infection - Answers -From time of infection until manifestation of
symptoms ; can infect others
Prodromal stage of infection - Answers -Appearance of vague symptoms; not all
diseases have this stage; most infectious. Ex. sluggishness, achy. MOST INFECTIOUS
Illness stage of infection - Answers -Signs and symptoms present. Ex. Fever, vomiting.
Decline stage of infection - Answers -Number of pathogens decline
Convalescence stage of infection - Answers -Tissue repair, return to health. Ex. Flu
Healthcare-related infection - Answers -An infection acquired as a result of healthcare.
Costs healthcare system $4.5 billion a year. LEADING CASUSE OF DEATH.
Preventable with use of aseptic principles/ techniques
Exogenous Health-care related infection - Answers -Pathogen acquired from healthcare
environment
Endogenous Healthcare related infection - Answers -Normal flora multiply and cause
infection as a result of treatment. Ex. can get C. Diff infection after taking antibiotics
Nosocomial Infections - Answers -UTI (catheters), Pneumonia (laying down a lot),
Bloodstream infection (IVs) , invasive medical devices and equipment, drug-resistant
organisms (MRSA, VRE)
Secondary defenses to infection: (biochemical) - Answers --Phagocytosis
-Complement Cascade
-Inflammation
-Fever
Tertiary Defenses to infection: - Answers -Humoral immunity
-B cell production of antibodies in response to an antigen
Cell-mediated immunity
-direct destruction of infected cells by T-cells
Factors that support host defenses: - Answers --adequate nutrition (to manufacture cells
of the immune system)
-Balanced hygiene (sufficient to decrease skin bacterial count, too much causes skin
cracking)
-Rest/ exercise
-Reducing stress
-immunization
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