Describe 2 assumptions of the biological approach (4 marks)
behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be explained in terms of the brain and the effect of hormones, genetics, and evolution. Another is similarities and differences between people can be understood in terms of biological factors and the...
Describe 2 assumptions of the biological approach (4 marks) -
answer behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be explained in
terms of the brain and the effect of hormones, genetics, and
evolution. Another is similarities and differences between people
can be understood in terms of biological factors and their
interactions with other factors
Outline the debate about nature vs nurture in psychology (2 marks)
- answer Extent to which different behaviors are thought to result
from genetic factors or are hard wired versus experiences within
our environment
Dement and Kleitman - answer
Describe the participants in the study by Dement & Kleitman (3
marks) - answer 9 adults total
7 male
2 females
5 studied in detail
4 used to confirm results
Explain why this study is from the biological approach (2 marks) -
answer Investigated relationships between dreams and eye
movement during dreams and used an EEG to measure brain waves
when the participant was asleep. Used assumption two when
measuring the depth of sleep
, From the study by Dement & Kleitmen name the stage of sleep
when participants recalled most of their dreams (1 mark) - answer
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
Outline one dream reported by a participant that had vertical eye
movements (2 marks) - answer man climbing up a series of ladders
looking up and down as he climbed
Outline one conclusion from the study (2 marks) - answer People
dream more in REM than in NREM
Describe one result about dream recall from REM awakenings in the
first half of the night compared to the second half of the night (2
marks) - answer Participants had an absence of dreaming in REM
that was more common early in the night rather than
the second half of the night
Participants were woken at two different time intervals during REM
sleep and asked to estimate their dream duration. One of the time
intervals was 5 minutes. State the other time interval (1 mark) -
answer 15 minutes
Name the apparatus used to measure brain activity in this study (1
mark) - answer Electroenhancephalogram (EEG)
Outline one dream reported by a participant that had horizontal eye
movements (2 marks) - answer Dreamer was watching two people
throw tomatoes at each other while looking left and right
Describe how the researchers first attempted to measure
participants' estimations of REM sleep duration (2 marks) - answer
P's awoken after variety of REM durations and asked to estimate
time they had been dreaming
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