CS#1- Suspect, Lies, and Videotapes: Man Vrjj Bull
WHY
Hypothesis- Won't find any overwriting set of behaviors that'll reveal the liars completely. There are too many individual differences. They believe they will not be able to tell who's lying/telling the truth for sure.
Cognitive Psychology- ...
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CS#1- Suspect, Lies, and Videotapes: Man Vrjj Bull - answer WHY
Hypothesis- Won't find any overwriting set of behaviors that'll
reveal the liars completely. There are too many individual
differences. They believe they will not be able to tell who's
lying/telling the truth for sure.
Cognitive Psychology- (area of psych) what goes on in brain
AIM- to determine if there are systematic behavioral indicators to
distinguish between those who are telling lies and those telling the
truth.
-To determine if cognitive load causes changes in behavior related to
lying/telling truth.
-Cognitive load- having the mind loaded with other things going on
in that person's life that can affect them
-Independent variable- questions on the video tape.
-Dependent variable- responses (all categories: any movement,
"ums,"
gaze aversions, etc)
Method
-Lab experiment because everything was controlled: the questions,
interviews, suspects selected, the setting, etc
-Quasi experiment- the independent variable was not directly
manipulated by the experimenter
Advantages- results can be compared/contrasted
-reliable, valid, replicable
Disadv.- low ecological validity- procedure isn't realistic
-not a representative sample- 16 suspects, no variety of races
,Sample- 13 males, 3 females-4 juveniles-15 white, 1 punjabi
crimes: theft, arson, attempted rape, murder
Procedure:
-total of 65 video clips- tapes edited to show only lying or truth
telling
-coders told to "code the video footage" (content analysis)
-coders not told about study- single blind test
-behaviors recorded: gaze aversion, blinking, head movements,
speech disturbances, pauses, hand and arm movements (originally
coded individually-self manipulations, hand-finger movements- but
later grouped together)--everything was counted
-inter rater reliability- when both coders agree on things (like how
many times the person blinked) If they don't agree,
CS#2- The Creation of False Memories: Loftus and Pickrell - answer
Aim- To show that memory is malleable. Is it possible to create a
false memory of an event by adding post event info?
Memory- Memory is not only what the person has experienced but
also combined with any information added after the event
Method- Questionnaire/booklet (mailed) and personal interviews
-Interviews included subjects and relatives of subjects to provide
actual info about subject's childhood experiences (experiences that
happened between 4-6 years of age)
-Certain questions relatives were asked- 1)Has the subject ever
gotten lost in a shopping mall? 2) Who and when the subject went
shopping with? 3) Type of stores shopped at?
-Interviews conducted in person or over the phone
Sample- 3 males, 21 females, ages 18-53; recruited by University of
Washington Psych students
Procedure- Subjects were mailed a 5 pg booklet with instructions
-Booklet contained 4 short stories of events experienced by subject
as a child (info provided by relative)
-3 events were true, 1 was the false memory
, -3rd event always false- standardized the experiment
-Details about false event: 1) Lost for long time 2) child was crying
3) lost in a shopping mall at age 5 4) old lady helped child 5) taken
back to family
-Subjects read events from booklets and wrote responses (wrote
what they remember about the memory)
-Interviews conducted with subjects (2 interviews 2 weeks apart) to
gain more detailed info face-to-face
-2 female interviews recorded responses
-Subjected rated their memory of each even on a Likert scale of 10
pts (1=very little memory, 10=very clear memory) and on a 5 pt
scale (how likely they thought their memory would improve given
more time to think about it)
Findings- 24 subjects rated 72 true events and remembered 49
(68%)
-24 subjects rated 24 false events and remembered 7 (29%) in the
booklet and 6 (25%) in the 1st inte
CS#3- Reading in the Mind of the Eyes: Baron-Cohen - answer Aim-
if autistic people have theory of mind
Autism- wide spectrum disorder (ASD) Symptoms: Obsessions,
repetitive behaviors, lack of social skills
1997 Eyes Task- succeeded in discriminating adults with Asperger's
Syndrome (AS) and high functioning autism (HFA) from controls but
suffered from psychometric problems. So another experiment was
performed
A psychometric problem: Used basic emotions that were very
contrasting. Revised version had a variety of emotions
Asperger's Syndrome- an ASD; restricted and obsessively repetitive
patterns of behavior
Originally 40 questions, 4 dropped after testing
Participants: 25 AS/HFA males; 225 normal people from a town and
Cambridge Univ.; 14 normal people with IQ's matched to AS/HFA's IQ
method- lab method
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