ESTUDY
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 5 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
**1. What is a common problem at the ureter opening into the bladder?**
- A) Frequent site for bacteria to enter
- B) High pressure that causes kidney failure
- C) Can cause fluid to leave the body too quickly
- D) Prevents the bladder from emptying completely
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Frequent site for bacteria to enter**
---
**2. What happens when the ureter opening is blocked?**
- A) Fluid moves to the lungs
- B) Fluid backs up to the kidneys
- C) Blood clots form in the bladder
- D) The bladder loses its ability to contract
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Fluid backs up to the kidneys**
---
**3. What does the prostate do in relation to the urethra?**
- A) Completely surrounds the urethra
- B) Partially surrounds the urethra
- C) Compresses the urethra during urination
- D) Protects the urethra from infection
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Completely surrounds the urethra**
---
**4. What is the main function of the glomerulus?**
- A) Store blood
- B) Filter blood
- C) Reabsorb nutrients
- D) Balance electrolytes
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Filter blood**
---
**5. What is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney?**
- A) Proximal Tubule → Glomerulus → Collecting Duct
- B) Glomerulus → Loop of Henle → Proximal Tubule
,ESTUDY
- C) Glomerulus → Proximal Tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal Tubule → Collecting Duct
- D) Collecting Duct → Distal Tubule → Glomerulus
**✔✔ - Answer: C) Glomerulus → Proximal Tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal Tubule → Collecting
Duct**
---
**6. What is absorbed in the Proximal Tubule?**
- A) Na+, Glucose, K+, Amino Acids, Water
- B) Only water
- C) Na+ and foreign substances
- D) Water and protein
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Na+, Glucose, K+, Amino Acids, Water**
---
**7. What is secreted by the Proximal Tubule?**
- A) Water and glucose
- B) Sodium and potassium
- C) H+ and foreign substances
- D) Urea and glucose
**✔✔ - Answer: C) H+ and foreign substances**
---
**8. What happens in the Descending Loop of Henle?**
- A) Na+ is absorbed, water stays in
- B) Water is absorbed, Na+ diffuses in
- C) Na+ and water are both absorbed
- D) Na+ is secreted, water stays in
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Water is absorbed, Na+ diffuses in**
---
**9. What happens in the Ascending Loop of Henle?**
- A) Na+ is absorbed, water stays in
- B) Na+ is secreted, water is absorbed
- C) Na+ and water are both absorbed
- D) Na+ is secreted, water stays in
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Na+ is absorbed, water stays in**
---
**10. What is absorbed by the Distal Tubule?**
,ESTUDY
- A) Only water
- B) Na+, H2O, and HCO3-
- C) Na+ and K+
- D) Water and urea
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Na+, H2O, and HCO3-**
---
**11. What is secreted by the Distal Tubule?**
- A) Water and urea
- B) Na+ and foreign substances
- C) K+, Urea, H+, NH3, and some drugs
- D) Water and H+
**✔✔ - Answer: C) K+, Urea, H+, NH3, and some drugs**
---
**12. What happens in the Collecting Duct?**
- A) Only water is absorbed
- B) Na+ and K+ are secreted
- C) Water and Na+ are absorbed
- D) H2O, Na+, H+, and K+ are absorbed or secreted
**✔✔ - Answer: D) H2O, Na+, H+, and K+ are absorbed or secreted**
---
**13. What does the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus control?**
- A) Secretion of H+
- B) Renin release and blood pressure control
- C) Water absorption
- D) Glucose levels in the blood
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Renin release and blood pressure control**
---
**14. What protein is found in urine and may indicate kidney problems?**
- A) Glucose
- B) Albumin
- C) Urea
- D) Creatinine
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Albumin**
---
, ESTUDY
**15. Which substances in the urine indicate decreased kidney function?**
- A) Glucose and Urea
- B) Urea and Creatinine
- C) Glucose and Protein
- D) Sodium and Potassium
**✔✔ - Answer: C) Glucose and Protein**
---
**16. Which substances are reabsorbed by the Renal Tubules?**
- A) Glucose and Urea
- B) Albumin, Glucose, Phosphate
- C) Water and Protein
- D) Sodium and Potassium
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Albumin, Glucose, Phosphate**
---
**17. Which substances are secreted by the Renal Tubules?**
- A) Creatinine and Penicillin
- B) Glucose and Fructose
- C) Sodium and Potassium
- D) Urea and H+
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Creatinine and Penicillin**
---
**18. What is the correct process of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?**
- A) Kidneys secrete Renin, which decreases BP
- B) Liver converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I, then lungs convert to Angiotensin II
- C) Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by kidneys, increasing water loss
- D) Kidneys secrete Aldosterone directly into the bloodstream
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Liver converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I, then lungs convert to
Angiotensin II**
---
**19. What causes renal failure?**
- A) Loss of nephrons
- B) Loss of potassium
- C) Blockage in the ureters
- D) Loss of sodium reabsorption
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 5 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
**1. What is a common problem at the ureter opening into the bladder?**
- A) Frequent site for bacteria to enter
- B) High pressure that causes kidney failure
- C) Can cause fluid to leave the body too quickly
- D) Prevents the bladder from emptying completely
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Frequent site for bacteria to enter**
---
**2. What happens when the ureter opening is blocked?**
- A) Fluid moves to the lungs
- B) Fluid backs up to the kidneys
- C) Blood clots form in the bladder
- D) The bladder loses its ability to contract
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Fluid backs up to the kidneys**
---
**3. What does the prostate do in relation to the urethra?**
- A) Completely surrounds the urethra
- B) Partially surrounds the urethra
- C) Compresses the urethra during urination
- D) Protects the urethra from infection
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Completely surrounds the urethra**
---
**4. What is the main function of the glomerulus?**
- A) Store blood
- B) Filter blood
- C) Reabsorb nutrients
- D) Balance electrolytes
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Filter blood**
---
**5. What is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney?**
- A) Proximal Tubule → Glomerulus → Collecting Duct
- B) Glomerulus → Loop of Henle → Proximal Tubule
,ESTUDY
- C) Glomerulus → Proximal Tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal Tubule → Collecting Duct
- D) Collecting Duct → Distal Tubule → Glomerulus
**✔✔ - Answer: C) Glomerulus → Proximal Tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal Tubule → Collecting
Duct**
---
**6. What is absorbed in the Proximal Tubule?**
- A) Na+, Glucose, K+, Amino Acids, Water
- B) Only water
- C) Na+ and foreign substances
- D) Water and protein
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Na+, Glucose, K+, Amino Acids, Water**
---
**7. What is secreted by the Proximal Tubule?**
- A) Water and glucose
- B) Sodium and potassium
- C) H+ and foreign substances
- D) Urea and glucose
**✔✔ - Answer: C) H+ and foreign substances**
---
**8. What happens in the Descending Loop of Henle?**
- A) Na+ is absorbed, water stays in
- B) Water is absorbed, Na+ diffuses in
- C) Na+ and water are both absorbed
- D) Na+ is secreted, water stays in
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Water is absorbed, Na+ diffuses in**
---
**9. What happens in the Ascending Loop of Henle?**
- A) Na+ is absorbed, water stays in
- B) Na+ is secreted, water is absorbed
- C) Na+ and water are both absorbed
- D) Na+ is secreted, water stays in
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Na+ is absorbed, water stays in**
---
**10. What is absorbed by the Distal Tubule?**
,ESTUDY
- A) Only water
- B) Na+, H2O, and HCO3-
- C) Na+ and K+
- D) Water and urea
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Na+, H2O, and HCO3-**
---
**11. What is secreted by the Distal Tubule?**
- A) Water and urea
- B) Na+ and foreign substances
- C) K+, Urea, H+, NH3, and some drugs
- D) Water and H+
**✔✔ - Answer: C) K+, Urea, H+, NH3, and some drugs**
---
**12. What happens in the Collecting Duct?**
- A) Only water is absorbed
- B) Na+ and K+ are secreted
- C) Water and Na+ are absorbed
- D) H2O, Na+, H+, and K+ are absorbed or secreted
**✔✔ - Answer: D) H2O, Na+, H+, and K+ are absorbed or secreted**
---
**13. What does the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus control?**
- A) Secretion of H+
- B) Renin release and blood pressure control
- C) Water absorption
- D) Glucose levels in the blood
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Renin release and blood pressure control**
---
**14. What protein is found in urine and may indicate kidney problems?**
- A) Glucose
- B) Albumin
- C) Urea
- D) Creatinine
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Albumin**
---
, ESTUDY
**15. Which substances in the urine indicate decreased kidney function?**
- A) Glucose and Urea
- B) Urea and Creatinine
- C) Glucose and Protein
- D) Sodium and Potassium
**✔✔ - Answer: C) Glucose and Protein**
---
**16. Which substances are reabsorbed by the Renal Tubules?**
- A) Glucose and Urea
- B) Albumin, Glucose, Phosphate
- C) Water and Protein
- D) Sodium and Potassium
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Albumin, Glucose, Phosphate**
---
**17. Which substances are secreted by the Renal Tubules?**
- A) Creatinine and Penicillin
- B) Glucose and Fructose
- C) Sodium and Potassium
- D) Urea and H+
**✔✔ - Answer: A) Creatinine and Penicillin**
---
**18. What is the correct process of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?**
- A) Kidneys secrete Renin, which decreases BP
- B) Liver converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I, then lungs convert to Angiotensin II
- C) Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by kidneys, increasing water loss
- D) Kidneys secrete Aldosterone directly into the bloodstream
**✔✔ - Answer: B) Liver converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I, then lungs convert to
Angiotensin II**
---
**19. What causes renal failure?**
- A) Loss of nephrons
- B) Loss of potassium
- C) Blockage in the ureters
- D) Loss of sodium reabsorption
