Exam (elaborations)
Family Health: Peds Exam 5 2024/2025
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Family Health: Peds Exam 5 Family Health: Peds Exam 5 Family Health: Peds Exam 5
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Family Health: Peds Exam 5RBCs do not carry the normal adult hemoglobin, but instead carry a less effective type - sickle cell
disease
treatment is pain control
poikilocytosis - presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells
treatment for thalassemia major - - ongoing medical attention,
- blood transfusions,
- iron removal (chelation therapy)
prothrombin time - 11-13 seconds
The average time range for blood to clot outside of a vessel
partial thrombin time - 21-35 seconds
time to clot within a vessel
INR - 2.0-3.0
immune response following a viral infection that produces antiplatelet antibodies - idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura
- petechiae,
- purpura,
- excessive bruising
, Deficiencies of coagulation and anticoagulation pathways occur. Hemorrhage and organ tissue
damage result and can be irreversible if not recognized and treated immediately - disseminated
intravascular coagulation
In disseminated intravascular coagulation, abnormal clumps of thickened blood (clots) form inside
blood vessels. These abnormal clots use up the blood's clotting factors, which can lead to massive
bleeding in other places. Causes include inflammation, infection, and cancer.
manifestations of von Willebrand disease - - bruise easily,
- frequent nosebleeds (epistaxis),
- tend to bleed after oral surgery.
- Pubescent girls often have menorrhagia
desmopressin in von Willebrand disease - - Desmopressin may also be used to release the factors
necessary for clotting.
- Desmopressin raises the plasma level from stores in the endothelium of blood vessels; this releases
factor VIII and vWF from these stores into the bloodstream.
- These may also be administered before dental work or surgery.
- Administer desmopressin nasal spray as prescribed when a bleeding episode occurs. Desmopressin
may also be given via an intravenous infusion or subcutaneously (less common).
- Desmopressin is an antidiuretic hormone, so closely monitor fluid balance.
lab findings for lupus - - decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
- decreased platelet count,
- low WBC count.
- Complement levels, C3 and C4, will also be decreased.
- antinuclear antibody (ANA) is usually positive in children with SLE.
pharmacologic management for arthritis - - NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and antirheumatic drugs such as
methotrexate and etanercept are prescribed, depending on the type and severity of the disease.
- NSAIDs are helpful with pain relief, but disease-modifying (antirheumatic) drugs are necessary to
prevent disease progression
- Methotrexate is used to prevent disease progression.
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