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Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update
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Antacids -:- Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the stomach. They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI alterations such as diarrhea or constipation and can alter the absorption of many drugs. Antacids: Generic an...

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  • September 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!



Relias Assessments Assistance Material
RN Pharmacology Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Antacids

✓ -:- Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the stomach.

They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI

alterations such as diarrhea or constipation and can alter the absorption of many

drugs.




Antacids: Generic and Brand Names

✓ -:- Here is a list of the most commonly encountered antacids and their brand names.

ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum saltsAlternaGELcalcium

saltsOystercal, TumsmagaldrateLosopan, Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk of Magnesia,

otherssodium bicarbonateBell-ans




What are antacids?

✓ -:- Antacids are a group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.

Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to self-treat a variety of GI

symptoms.

The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and absorption factors.




Antacids Therapeutic actions

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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!

✓ -:- The desired actions of antacids include the following:

Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.

Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as well as the

hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic esophagitis, gastric hyperacidity,

and hiatal hernia.




Antacids Contraindications and Cautions

✓ -:- The following are contraindications and cautions when using antacids:

Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of any known allergy to antacid

products or any component of the drug to prevent hypersensitivity reactions.

Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following instances: any condition that can be

exacerbated by electrolyte or acid-based imbalance to prevent exacerbations and serious

adverse effects; any electrolyte imbalance , which could be exacerbated by the electrolyte-

changing effects of these drugs; GI obstruction which could cause systemic absorption of the

drugs and increase adverse effects; renal dysfunction, which could lead to electrolyte

disturbance if any absorbed antacid is neutralized properly.

Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women

because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.




Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists

✓ -:- Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists block the release of acid in response to

gastrin or parasympathetic release.




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, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!

Histamine-2 Antagonist: Generic and Brand Names

✓ -:- Here is a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists.

ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2

antagonistscimetidineTagametranitidineZantacfamotidinePepcidnizatidineAxid




H2 blockers Therapeutic actions

✓ -:- The desired actions of H2 antagonists include the following:

Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.

Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local release of histamine (due to

stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately blocking the production of hydrochloric acid.

Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.




Proton Pump Inhibitors

✓ -:- The gastric acid pump or proton pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion

by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme

system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.




Proton Pump Inhibitors: Generic and Brand Names

✓ -:- Here is a table of the most commonly encountered proton pump inhibitor:

ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump

inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiumlansoprazolePrevacidomeprazolePril

osecpantoprazoleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex


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