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Urinalysis and Body Fluids Review Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update
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All of the following are considered normal functions of the kidney -:- regulating body hydration, elimination of nitrogenous wastes, regulating electrolyte balance The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is: -:- 1,000,000 The order of blood flow through the nephron is: ...

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  • September 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!



Urinalysis and Body Fluids Review
Questions and Correct Answers | Latest
Update
All of the following are considered normal functions of the kidney

✓ -:- regulating body hydration, elimination of nitrogenous wastes, regulating
electrolyte balance


The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is:

✓ -:- 1,000,000


The order of blood flow through the nephron is:

✓ -:- afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta


The total renal blood flow is approximately:

✓ -:- 1200 mL/min


The total renal plasma flow is approximately

✓ -:- 600 mL/min


The glomerular filtrate is described as a:

✓ -:- protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma


Increased production of aldosterone causes:

✓ -:- increased plasma sodium levels


1|P a g e | G r a d eA + | 2 0 2 0 2 5

,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!

The primary chemical affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is:

✓ -:- sodium


The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is:

✓ -:- 1.01


All of the following are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by active transport

✓ -:- glucose, sodium and amino acids


For active transport to occur, a chemical:

✓ -:- must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy


Water is passively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except the:

✓ -:- ascending loop of Henle


Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:

✓ -:- proximal convoluted tubule


The enzyme renin is produced by the kidney:

✓ -:- in response to low plasma sodium levels


Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is dependent on all

of the following




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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!

✓ -:- high salt concentration in the medulla, water-impermeable walls of the
ascending loop of Henle, reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the ascending
loop of Henle


The osmotic gradient of the medulla:

✓ -:- affects sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule


Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the:

✓ -:- distal convoluted tubule


Decreased production of vasopressin:

✓ -:- produces a high urine volume


Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the:

✓ -:- state of body hydration


Substances removed from the blood by tubular secretion include primarily:

✓ -:- protein-bound substances, hydrogen, and potassium


Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine with a:

✓ -:- high pH


To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia is produced by the cells of the:

✓ -:- distal convoluted tubule


To maintain the buffering capacity of the blood, hydrogen ions combine with:


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, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!

✓ -:- filtered bicarbonate ions


Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure substances

that are:

✓ -:- neither reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules


Results for glomerular filtration tests are reported in:

✓ -:- milliliters per minute


All of the following are endogenous clearance test substances

✓ -:- urea, creatinine, and beta 2 microglobulin


Performing a clearance test using radionucleotides

✓ -:- eliminates the need to collect urine, provides visualization of the filtration


If a substance is completely filtered by the glomerulus and then completely reabsorbed by

the tubules, the clearance of that substance will be:

✓ -:- zero


The most routinely used laboratory method for measuring the glomerular filtration rate is

the:

✓ -:- creatinine clearance


The most common error in measuring the glomerular filtration rate using the creatinine

clearance is:


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