NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and Physiology(RESPIRATION,DIGESTIVE SYSTEM & REPRODUCTION)
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Course
Human anatomy and physiology
Institution
Human Anatomy And Physiology
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and Physiology(RESPIRATION,DIGESTIVE SYSTEM & REPRODUCTION)
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and Physiology(RESPIRATION,DIGESTIVE SYSTEM & REPRODUCTION)
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and Physiology(RESPIRATION,DIGESTIVE SYSTEM & REPRODUCTION)
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and Physiolog...
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and
Physiology(RESPIRATION,DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM & REPRODUCTION)
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and
Physiology Respiration
Larynx - Voice box.
Trachea - Windpipe
Bronchi - Two branches off the trachea.
Bronchioles - Thinner tubes branching off bronchioles in lungs.
Alveolus (alveoli) - Airs sacs at the end of each bronchioles.
Thin permeable air sacs.
Functional unit of the lungs.
Alveolar membrane - Point where pulmonary capillaries and alveoli come in contact and
the exchange of oxygen and Co2 takes place.
Breathing - Process by which air is moved into and out of the lungs.
Diaphragm - Sheet of muscle lining the bottom of the thoracic cavity.
Raises and lowers pressure in chest cavity along with muscles of the rib cage.
Cellular respiration - Process by which we get energy from food we eat.
Aerobic respiration - Occurs when oxygen is present.
Opposite of photosynthesis.
Efficient process-begins in cytoplasm, ends in mitochondria.
Energy from glucose is stored at ATP.
Anaerobic respiration - Occurs in absence of oxygen.
Less efficient.
Produces ATP and lactic acid.
Lactic acid - Cause of sore muscles after strenuous exercise.
Fermentation - Anaerobic respiration in yeast. Produces ethanol instead of lactic acid.
, NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and
Physiology(RESPIRATION,DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM & REPRODUCTION)
NLN PAX-RN Human Anatomy and
Physiology digestive system
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - -digestion: chemical and mechanical breakdown of food
types of digestion - -chemical: breakdown of food particles into small molecules
-mechanical: phy. breakdown of food (ex. mastication/chewing)
process of digestion - mouth: beginning of mechanical break down and beginning of
chemical digestion (amylase)
pharynx
esophagus
stomach: peristalsis and hydrochloric acid & protease
small intestine: absorption and digestion
large intestine: absorption of water
rectum: storage for waste
anus: exit of waste (feces) aka egestion
accessory organs - -liver: production of bile (which goes in the gallbladder)
-gallbladder: bile is stored here; breakdown of fat
-pancreas: storage of digestive enzymes
nutrient, enzymes, result and location - -CARBOHYDRATES:
*enzymes: amylase, sucrase and maltase
*product: glucose
*fr. mouth to the end of the small intestine
-PROTEIN:
*enzymes: proteases
*product: amino acids
*stomach to the small intestine
-LIPIDS:
*enzymes: lipases
*product: fatty acids and glycerol
*small intestine
CIRCULATION SYSTEM: CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC - -circulation: internal
transport of fluid throughout the body; exchange of gases, absorption of nutrients and
disposal of wastes
-circulation consists of 2 paths:
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