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ECGs Made Easy

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Exam study book ECGs Made Easy of Barbara Aehlert - ISBN: 9781455759750 (ECGs Made Easy)

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  • September 10, 2024
  • 10
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
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TEST BANK For ECGs Made Easy, 7th Edition by Barbara
J Aehlert

How does calcium potassium ans sodium effect automaticity - ANSWER:Normal
concentration maintain automaticity.
Increased blood concentration decrease automaticity
Decreased blood concentration increase automaticity

What's difference between excitability, conductability, and contractability? -
ANSWER:Excitability/ability to respond to external stimuli
Conductability/ability of cardiac cell to receive electrical impulse and conduct it to
adjoining cell
Contractability/iontrophy- ability of myocardial cell to shorten causing cardiac
contraction

Voltage - ANSWER:Potential energy from opposite charges

Normal charge of cardiac cell - ANSWER:Negative

Polarized state - ANSWER:When potassium leaks out of cell proteins and phosphates
remain inside cell because they are too big and they carry a negative charge

Depolarization - ANSWER:When cell membrane stimulated sodium potassium
channel open. Sodium rushes in and cell becomes more positive. A wave form will
appear on the ECG

Depolarization occur how - ANSWER:From the inside out

Depolarization is wht kind of event - ANSWER:Electrical

Repolarization - ANSWER:Cell returning to negative charge by stopping flow of
sodium into the cell and allows potassium to leave it.

Repoloarization cause - ANSWER:Contractile cells in myocardial cells to separate

Repolarization occurs from - ANSWER:Outside in

Repolarization is represented by wht on the ECG - ANSWER:St segment and t wave

Arrhythmia - ANSWER:Abnormal heart rate

Absolute refractory period - ANSWER:Not possible to stimulate cardiac cell

Effective refractory period - ANSWER:Includes ARP and first half of refractory period

, A conducted action potential can not generate enough inward current to conduct to
cell

Relative refractory period - ANSWER:Some cardiac cells are repolarized to their
threshold potential and can be stimulated with strong impulse

Supernormal period - ANSWER:Stimulated with weaker than normal stimuli

SA node pace - ANSWER:60-100 bpm
Possible to go to 180 bum

As impulse leaves to SA node, how does it spread - ANSWER:Spreads from cell to cell
across atrial muscle. As it spreads it stimulates rt atrium, intraatrial septum, and
passes along special pathway called Bachman's bundle to stimulate left atrium

SA node located - ANSWER:Upper posterior where superior vena cava and rt atrium
meet

AV node located - ANSWER:Floor of right atrium behind tricuspid valve

AVnode conduction slower why - ANSWER:Allows atrium chambers to contract and
empty blood in ventricles

Bundle of His /AV bundle located - ANSWER:Upper portion of intraventricular
septum

AV bundle pacemaker cells have intrinsic value of - ANSWER:40-60 bpm

Conduction fastest in His-Purkji system and slowest in SA and AVnode
True or false - ANSWER:True

Rt and lft bundle branches supply what - ANSWER:Rt bundle branch supply rt
ventricle
Lft bundle branch supply intraventricular septum and lft ventricle and split into
fascicles which rely impulse to mid septum
Extra fascicles because left ventricle bigger

Purkinje fibers - ANSWER:Spread from intraventricular septum to papillary muscles
to apex of heart

Lead wire - ANSWER:Attached to electrode and other end to ECG machine

Lead 1 - ANSWER:+lft arm -rt arm lateral view

Lead 2 - ANSWER:+lft leg - rt arm inferior veiw

Lead3 - ANSWER:Left leg -rt arm inferior veiw

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