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PMCOL 200- Chemotherapy Study Set Exam
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PMCOL 200- ChemotherapyStudy Set Exam
What is metastasis? - Answer The spread of cancer to other parts of the body
What are some causes of cancer? - Answer Environmental factors (tobacco, ionizing
radiation, pollution) and genetic factors (breast cancer, viral infections)
What is cancer? - Answer A disease of cell growth regulation. It arises when genes that
regulate cell growth are mutated.
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer The checkpoint to ensure cell is ready
for DNA synthesis
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - Answer DNA synthesis (replication)
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer A checkpoint to ensure the cell is ready
for mitosis
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - Answer Mitosis
What is the G0 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer Quiescent state
What two genes are important for cell cycle regulation? - Answer Tumor suppressor
genes and protooncogenes
What are tumor suppressor genes? - Answer Genes that repress the cell cycle or
promote cell death.
How do tumor suppressor genes work? - Answer 1. Inhibit cell division
2. Initiate cell death
What is an example of a tumor suppressor gene? - Answer p53, it is mutated in 50% of all
tumors.
What are proto-oncogenes? - Answer Genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, or
the prevention of cell death.
What are oncogenes? - Answer Cancer causing genes that result from mutated
proto-oncogenes.
What types of mutations can occur in proto-oncogenes? - Answer 1. Point mutations
(small scale deletions or insertion)
2. Chromosomal translocation (when two separate chromosomal regions become fused)
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